Question 1

The three basic processes of memory are ____.
A) recognition, storage, and retrieval
B) encoding, storage, and forgetting
C) encoding, storage, and retrieval
D) encoding, storage, and maintenance

Accepted Answer

The three basic processes of memory are encoding (the process of putting information into a form that can be stored in memory), storage (the retention of encoded information over time), and retrieval (the process of accessing information stored in memory). Option C lists these three processes correctly. Option A is incorrect because recognition is a type of memory retrieval, not a separate process. Option B is incorrect because forgetting is not a basic process of memory, but rather the failure of one or more of the three basic processes. Option D is incorrect because maintenance is not a distinct process of memory, but rather a subcategory of storage.

Question 2

In the process of learning the specific techniques of his job,Arlen will need to keep this new information in his memory for a long time.This part of the memory process is known as ____.
A) retrieval
B) recall
C) storage
D) encoding

Accepted Answer

The storage process of memory refers to the retention of information for a period of time. In this scenario, Arlen needs to retain the new information he learns for a long time, which requires storage in his long-term memory. Retrieval refers to the process of accessing stored information, recall refers to bringing stored information into conscious awareness, and encoding refers to the initial process of acquiring and processing new information.

Question 3

To discourage his children from smoking,a father shows them the extremely graphic pictures of withered,blackened,and perforated lungs of a dead smoker.Afterwards,when confronted with peers offering cigarettes,the "lung pictures" come into the children's minds.This is an example of ____.
A) procedural knowledge
B) auditory memory
C) visual memory
D) semantic memory

Accepted Answer

This is an example of visual memory, as the father is using graphic pictures to create a lasting memory in his children's minds that will discourage them from smoking.

Question 4

Elka can remember the phone number she just looked up only by repeating it over and over.When she stops saying it out loud,she forgets it.Elka is using ____ rehearsal to keep the information in ____ memory.
A) maintenance; short-term
B) maintenance; sensory
C) elaborative; short-term
D) elaborative; sensory

Accepted Answer

Elka is using maintenance rehearsal because she is repeating the information in order to keep it in her memory. She is using short-term memory because she forgets the information once she stops rehearsing it.

Question 5

Janis is at the mall when she sees a bright pink hat with flowers on it.Suddenly,Janis feels anxious,upset,and frightened,but she does not understand why.What Janis subconsciously remembers is that when she was five years old,she wore a similar hat to school,and everyone laughed and threw rocks at her.This scenario is an example of a(n)____ memory.
A) semantic
B) implicit
C) procedural
D) explicit

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of implicit memory, as Janis is subconsciously remembering an event from her past without consciously recalling it.

Question 6

Valerie is teaching Parker how to play the guitar.Valerie instructs Parker to sit across from her and watch her finger movements as she plays a song.She has found this method more effective than attempting to verbally explain the complicated series of finger movements.Valerie's teaching strategy indicates that her memory of how to play the guitar is stored as a(n)____ memory.
A) episodic
B) semantic
C) procedural
D) sensory

Accepted Answer

Valerie's teaching strategy involves demonstrating the physical movements required to play the guitar, which suggests that her memory of how to play is stored as a procedural memory. Procedural memories involve the recall of skills and procedures, such as playing an instrument or riding a bike.

Question 7

Seven-year-old Ben is riding his bike to the park to meet some friends.He stops at a stop sign and signals his intention to turn left into the park.Ben's memory of the laws of the road is an example of ____ memory,whereas his ability to ride the bike shows ____ memory.
A) episodic; semantic
B) semantic; episodic
C) episodic; procedural
D) semantic; procedural

Accepted Answer

Ben's memory of the laws of the road is an example of semantic memory, which involves facts and general knowledge. His ability to ride the bike demonstrates procedural memory, which involves motor skills and actions.

Question 8

Caden can remember quite vividly the first time his dad took him out to learn how to ride a bike because he didn't use training wheels and took a nasty spill,scraping his knee badly.This would best be described as a(n)____ memory.
A) semantic
B) procedural
C) implicit
D) episodic

Accepted Answer

Episodic memory is the type of memory that involves recalling personal experiences and events. Caden remembers a specific event from his past - the time his dad taught him how to ride a bike and he fell off and scraped his knee. This is an episodic memory because it involves a personal experience from Caden's past.

Question 9

When an eyewitness to a robbery tries to identify the criminal from a lineup of suspects,he or she is engaging in which memory retrieval process?
A) Recall
B) Rehearsal
C) Recognition
D) Relearning

Accepted Answer

Recognition is the memory retrieval process where a person identifies an object, person, or situation previously encountered, among a set of alternatives. In this case, the eyewitness is trying to recognize the criminal from a lineup of suspects. Recall involves remembering information from memory without any cues, rehearsal is repeating information over and over to aid in memory, and relearning involves learning previously learned information again.

Question 10

Matilda asks Becky,"How was your spring break?" As Becky describes her vacation,she begins to feel guilty because she subconsciously recalls how her parents criticized her for taking a trip instead of getting caught up in her studies.Becky's recollection of her vacation is an example of a(n)____ memory,and her feeling of guilt is an example of a(n)____ memory.
A) implicit; explicit
B) semantic; episodic
C) episodic; semantic
D) explicit; implicit

Accepted Answer

Becky's recollection of her vacation is an example of an explicit memory because it involves consciously recalling events she experienced. Her feeling of guilt, however, is an example of implicit memory because it is an unconscious recollection of emotions associated with her parents' criticism.

Question 11

Corbin memorized a list of state capitals for his geography exam.Once he had done so,they became ____ memories.
A) implicit
B) episodic
C) semantic
D) procedural

Accepted Answer

Semantic memories are facts and knowledge that are not tied to a specific experience or context. Memorization of state capitals would fall under this category.

Question 12

Melvin got a new phone number at the beginning of the semester.At first,he repeated it to himself numerous times to remember it,but by the end of the semester,he easily remembers it.When he was holding the number in short-term memory at the beginning,the information is most likely ____,and once it is in his long-term memory,it is ____.
A) auditory; semantic
B) visual; semantic
C) auditory; episodic
D) visual; episodic

Accepted Answer

When Melvin repeated the number to himself, he was using auditory repetition to transfer the information from sensory memory to short-term memory. Once he had practiced it enough, the information moved to long-term memory where it is stored semantically, meaning he remembers the meaning and significance of the number rather than just the sound of it.

Question 13

As Minna smells the hay and manure in the barn,she begins to feel uneasy.Although she isn't consciously aware of it,she is recalling the night that she was at the circus and stepped on by an elephant.This is an example of ____ memory.
A) sensory
B) procedural
C) explicit
D) implicit

Accepted Answer

This is an example of implicit memory because Minna's past experience is affecting her behavior and emotions in the present, without her consciously retrieving or recalling the memory.

Question 14

Even though Samantha cannot explain how she is able to wiggle her nose,she always remembers how to do it.Samantha's memory for her nose wiggling is an example of ____ memory.
A) procedural
B) episodic
C) semantic
D) mnemonic

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory involves the memory of how to perform certain skills and behaviors, such as riding a bike or typing on a keyboard. Samantha's ability to remember how to wiggle her nose without being able to explain how she does it suggests that it is a procedural memory. Episodic memory involves recalling specific events or experiences, semantic memory involves remembering factual information, and mnemonic memory involves using strategies or techniques to remember information.

Question 15

When you ask her,Kyung cannot remember the names of all fifty U.S.state capitals.However,when you then show her a list of U.S.city names,she can correctly point out all fifty capitals.Kyung initially had trouble remembering the state capitals because of poor ____.
A) recall
B) recognition
C) elaborative rehearsal
D) maintenance rehearsal

Accepted Answer

Kyung's ability to recognize the names of the fifty capitals indicates that she had the information stored in her memory, but she had difficulty retrieving it when asked to recall it.

Question 16

Remembering what the word summer means requires ____ memory,while remembering what you did on July 4,1996,requires ____ memory.
A) episodic; semantic
B) episodic; procedural
C) procedural; episodic
D) semantic; episodic

Accepted Answer

Remembering the meaning of the word "summer" involves semantic memory, which is related to facts and general knowledge. Remembering a specific event, such as what one did on July 4, 1996, involves episodic memory, which is related to personal experiences and events.

Question 17

Today it is Joe's turn to pick up lunch for the staff at his office.Things are particularly busy,and Joe doesn't have time to write down each person's order.Instead,he tries to remember their orders by repeating to himself over and over "three buster burgers,one chicken club,two waffle fries,and a strawberry sundae" while he waits in the line at Fred's Burger Barn.Joe's memory strategy is called ____.
A) elaborative rehearsal.
B) parallel distributed processing.
C) chunking.
D) maintenance rehearsal.

Accepted Answer

Joe is using maintenance rehearsal, which involves repeating information over and over in one's head to keep it in working memory.

Question 18

The process of putting incoming information into a form with which the memory system can work is called ____.
A) storage
B) retrieval
C) encoding
D) processing

Accepted Answer

Encoding refers to the process of transforming incoming information into a form that can be stored and retrieved later. Storage and retrieval are separate processes that come after encoding, and processing refers to a broad range of mental operations that can occur at any stage of information processing.

Question 19

Felicia is a witness in a traffic accident court case.When asked by the attorney to describe what she witnessed,Felicia tells her perspective as she saw it unfold.Felicia's memories of the accident are considered ____ memories.
A) procedural
B) state-dependent
C) elaboratively rehearsed
D) explicit

Accepted Answer

Explicit memories are memories that can be consciously retrieved and intentionally brought to mind. Felicia's ability to describe her perspective from the accident reflects her conscious recall of the event, making her memories explicit.

Question 20

Jacques and Pierre are studying for their Spanish exam.Jacques is repeating vocabulary words over and over.Pierre is creating associations between vocabulary words and English words that sound similar.All else being equal,Pierre is more likely to do better on the Spanish exam because he is using ____ rehearsal and Jacques is using ____ rehearsal.
A) maintenance; elaborative
B) maintenance; transfer-appropriate
C) elaborative; maintenance
D) transfer-appropriate; maintenance

Accepted Answer

Jacques is using maintenance rehearsal by simply repeating the same information over and over without adding any meaning or elaboration to it. On the other hand, Pierre is using elaborative rehearsal by creating connections and associations between the Spanish vocabulary words and English words, which is more likely to lead to a deeper understanding and better retention of the information. Therefore, choice C, elaborative rehearsal for Pierre and maintenance rehearsal for Jacques, is the correct answer.

Quiz 5: Memory

The three basic processes of memory are ____.

In the process of learning the specific techniques of his job,Arlen will need to keep this new information in his memory for a long time.This part of the memory process is known as ____.

To discourage his children from smoking,a father shows them the extremely graphic pictures of withered,blackened,and perforated lungs of a dead smoker.Afterwards,when confronted with peers offering cigarettes,the "lung pictures" come into the children's minds.This is an example of ____.

Elka can remember the phone number she just looked up only by repeating it over and over.When she stops saying it out loud,she forgets it.Elka is using rehearsal to keep the information in memory.

Seven-year-old Ben is riding his bike to the park to meet some friends.He stops at a stop sign and signals his intention to turn left into the park.Ben's memory of the laws of the road is an example of memory,whereas his ability to ride the bike shows memory.

Caden can remember quite vividly the first time his dad took him out to learn how to ride a bike because he didn't use training wheels and took a nasty spill,scraping his knee badly.This would best be described as a(n) ____ memory.

When an eyewitness to a robbery tries to identify the criminal from a lineup of suspects,he or she is engaging in which memory retrieval process?

Corbin memorized a list of state capitals for his geography exam.Once he had done so,they became ____ memories.

As Minna smells the hay and manure in the barn,she begins to feel uneasy.Although she isn't consciously aware of it,she is recalling the night that she was at the circus and stepped on by an elephant.This is an example of ____ memory.

Even though Samantha cannot explain how she is able to wiggle her nose,she always remembers how to do it.Samantha's memory for her nose wiggling is an example of ____ memory.

When you ask her,Kyung cannot remember the names of all fifty U.S.state capitals.However,when you then show her a list of U.S.city names,she can correctly point out all fifty capitals.Kyung initially had trouble remembering the state capitals because of poor ____.

Remembering what the word summer means requires memory,while remembering what you did on July 4,1996,requires memory.

The process of putting incoming information into a form with which the memory system can work is called ____.

Felicia is a witness in a traffic accident court case.When asked by the attorney to describe what she witnessed,Felicia tells her perspective as she saw it unfold.Felicia's memories of the accident are considered ____ memories.