Question 1

An elderly professor of ichthyology (study of fish)once explained why he doesn't like to learn his students' names.Every time he learns a new name,he forget a name of a fish.Which concept or theorybest describes this phenomenon?
A) decay theory
B) relearning method
C) proactive inhibition
D) retroactive inhibition

Accepted Answer

Retroactive inhibition is the phenomenon where newly learned information interferes with the recall of previously learned information. In this case, learning a new name interferes with the recall of a previously learned fish name.

Question 2

When Keith took piano lessons as a child,it took him three weeks to learn to play the "Moonlight Sonata." As an adult,when he decides to relearn the piece to accompany his daughter's performance at a dance recital,it takes him only one week.The difference in Keith's learning time is called ____.
A) secondary gain
B) latent learning
C) savings
D) practice

Accepted Answer

The difference in Keith's learning time is called savings, which refers to the amount of time or effort saved when relearning something previously learned. Practice (option D) is a necessary component of learning but does not explain the difference in Keith's learning time. Secondary gain (option A) refers to an unintended benefit that someone may derive from a particular behavior or action and is not applicable in this scenario. Latent learning (option B) refers to learning that occurs without apparent reinforcement, and is also not applicable in this scenario.

Question 3

Willow takes sociology in the fall semester,and in the spring semester,she takes psychology.She is finding that she is having difficulty remembering the psychology material because the sociology material keeps coming to mind.Willow is experiencing ____ inhibition.
A) anterograde
B) flashbulb
C) retroactive
D) proactive

Accepted Answer

Willow is experiencing proactive inhibition, where old information (sociology material) interferes with the ability to learn or remember new information (psychology material).

Question 4

Last week,Darrel memorized a poem.Now his roommate tells him that he has memorized one word incorrectly.However,Darrel has memorized the incorrect version so well that he has difficulty learning and remembering the correct word.This best illustrates ____.
A) reinforcement
B) decay theory
C) proactive inhibition
D) retroactive inhibition

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates proactive inhibition, where old information (the incorrectly memorized word) interferes with the ability to learn and remember new information (the correct word).

Question 5

Jenna is serving on a jury.A witness has just identified the defendant as the person who committed the crime.Having read the Linkages section of the memory chapter,Jenna knows she can have confidence in the identification if the witness ____.
A) can accurately remember irrelevant details about the situation
B) can accurately describe the surroundings in which the crime occurred
C) cannot accurately remember details about the crime
D) cannot remember details about the surroundings

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jenna is serving on a jury.A witness...

Question 6

Thirty years ago,it took Margie ten hours to learn how to ride a bike.She has not ridden a bike since then.Now she is relearning how to ride a bike,but this time,it takes her only five hours.Because it took her less time to relearn the skill than to learn it initially,Margie is demonstrating ____.
A) the recency effect
B) savings
C) retroactive inhibition
D) proactive inhibition

Accepted Answer

Margie is demonstrating savings, which is the phenomenon where it takes less time to reacquire a skill than it did to learn it initially. This is a common occurrence in motor learning and reflects the fact that the neural pathways involved in the skill have already been established and are easier to activate the second time around. The other answer options are not applicable in this scenario.

Question 7

Bill tries to think back to his grade school play and remember the songs that they sang.However,he has trouble recalling the songs because those memories have faded with time.This kind of forgetting is called ____.
A) retroactive inhibition
B) decay
C) the feeling-of-knowing experience
D) anterograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

Decay refers to the weakening or loss of memories over time, which is what Bill is experiencing in trying to recall the songs from his grade school play. Retroactive inhibition refers to when newly learned information interferes with the ability to remember old information, and anterograde amnesia refers to the inability to form new memories after an event. The feeling-of-knowing experience is a subjective sense of familiarity or knowledge about something without being able to fully recall or retrieve the information.

Question 8

You see a phone number on television for a product you want to buy,but you can't find a pencil to write it down.As you are trying to memorize the number,you see another number appear in the next commercial for a second product you want to buy.Suddenly you realize that you have forgotten the first number! This outcome is due to ____.
A) interference
B) decay
C) proactive inhibition
D) repression

Accepted Answer

This outcome is due to interference, specifically proactive interference. The second phone number interfered with the ability to remember the first one, causing it to be forgotten.

Question 9

Felicia is studying for her Psych 100 midterm.Because she studies so hard for the quizzes earlier in the semester,she finds that it is taking her less time to relearn many of the concepts and terms.The difference between the amount of time it takes Felicia to initially learn the material for the quizzes and the amount of time it is taking her to relearn the material for the midterm is known as ____.
A) primacy
B) mnemonics
C) recency
D) savings

Accepted Answer

The difference between the amount of time it takes Felicia to initially learn the material and the amount of time it is taking her to relearn the material is known as savings. This is because the original learning creates a "memory trace" in the brain, making it easier and faster to relearn the material later on.

Question 10

When asked to recall the past two years and report all of his positive and negative experiences,Mrugesh is able to accurately recall a much higher number of the positive memories than the negative ones.This outcome is consistent with research on the topic of ____.
A) motivated forgetting
B) chunking
C) the primacy effect
D) transfer-appropriate processing

Accepted Answer

This outcome is consistent with research on motivated forgetting, which suggests that individuals may have a bias towards recalling positive experiences and forgetting negative ones as a way to protect their self-esteem and maintain positive feelings about themselves.

Question 11

In one study,students study nonsense syllables.Some of these students then carry on with normal waking activities and others take a nap.Those who take a nap recall more syllables,thus illustrating the effect ____ has on learning.
A) decay
B) conservation
C) interference
D) state-dependent learning

Accepted Answer

The study illustrates the effect of interference on learning. The students who took a nap experienced less interference from other activities, allowing them to recall more syllables compared to those who continued with normal waking activities.

Question 12

Research on false memories has found that ____.
A) false memories are usually experienced only during times of emotional distress
B) people are often as confident in false memories as they are with actual memories
C) people who test low on introversion and dissociation are more susceptible to developing false memories
D) messages in pop culture have little influence on how people view repressed memories of abuse

Accepted Answer

Research has found that people are often as confident in false memories as they are in actual memories, suggesting that false memories can be just as vivid and convincing as genuine memories.

Question 13

You used to dial the phone number to the Tribune's Sport Score Hot Line every day,but for the last six months,you have called the Sun-Times's Sports Line.Now you can't remember the Tribune's number.This is probably due to ____ inhibition.
A) encoding
B) parallel
C) retroactive
D) proactive

Accepted Answer

Retroactive inhibition occurs when new information interferes with the ability to retrieve old information. In this case, calling the Sun-Times's Sports Line for the past six months may have made it difficult for the person to remember the Tribune's Sport Score Hot Line number.

Question 14

Luke does not like his roommate's girlfriend,and he keeps forgetting to tell his roommate when the girlfriend calls their land line.Which concept best explains his actions?
A) interference
B) decay theory
C) motivated forgetting
D) disuse

Accepted Answer

Motivated forgetting suggests that we forget information because we have a motive or reason to forget it. In this case, Luke may be purposely forgetting to tell his roommate when his girlfriend calls because he does not like her.

Question 15

Alexis is in a courtroom as an eyewitness to a crime.Alexis ____.
A) might be influenced by her own emotional needs in what she remembers
B) will remember things exactly as they occurred
C) will not be biased in her recall of the events
D) will have no trouble retrieving memories from long-term memory because of the stress of being on the witness stand

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that eyewitness testimony can be influenced by many factors, including the emotional state of the witness. Alexis may remember things differently based on her own emotional needs or biases.

Question 16

Perry is the lead singer for a jazz group called John's Prediction,for which he has learned several jazz songs.After a couple of years,he decides to join a blues group called Petrol for Pinholes,and he learns a number of blues songs.On stage one night,he tries to remember a jazz song from John's Prediction and hasdifficulty in doing so.Perry is showing evidence of ____.
A) constructive memory
B) delay of processing deficit
C) retroactive inhibition
D) proactive inhibition

Accepted Answer

Perry is experiencing retroactive inhibition, which occurs when new learning interferes with the retrieval of previously learned information. His learning of blues songs in Petrol for Pinholes is interfering with his ability to recall jazz songs from John's Prediction.

Question 17

Phan just moved to a new town and is having trouble remembering his new phone number.When someone asks for his new number,Phan usually provides the old one.Phan's forgetfulness is probably due to ____.
A) decay
B) retroactive inhibition
C) proactive inhibition
D) consolidation

Accepted Answer

Phan's difficulty in remembering his new phone number and instead recalling the old one is an example of proactive inhibition, where old information interferes with the ability to remember new information.

Question 18

According to Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve,you should review your lecture notes within the first ____ after class.
A) week
B) three days
C) twenty-four hours
D) nine hours

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve,you should review...

Question 19

Kari is studying French vocabulary words.If Kari forgets this material,the largest part of her forgetting will occur within ____of learning the material.
A) ten minutes
B) a few hours
C) a few days
D) V

Accepted Answer

The largest part of forgetting typically occurs within the first few hours after learning, according to the forgetting curve theory by Hermann Ebbinghaus.

Question 20

You are driving down the street when you see a billboard displaying a phone number for a service you need.You keep repeating the number so you won't forget it until you get home,where you can write it down.You do this to prevent the process of ____ from causing you to forget the number.
A) decay
B) construction
C) deductive inhibition
D) proactive inhibition

Accepted Answer

Decay theory suggests that memory fades due to the mere passage of time. Information is lost from memory because of the automatic decay or fading of the memory trace. Repeating the phone number is a strategy to counteract this decay by keeping the information active in short-term memory.

Quiz 5: Memory

An elderly professor of ichthyology (study of fish) once explained why he doesn't like to learn his students' names.Every time he learns a new name,he forget a name of a fish.Which concept or theorybest describes this phenomenon?

When Keith took piano lessons as a child,it took him three weeks to learn to play the "Moonlight Sonata." As an adult,when he decides to relearn the piece to accompany his daughter's performance at a dance recital,it takes him only one week.The difference in Keith's learning time is called ____.

Willow takes sociology in the fall semester,and in the spring semester,she takes psychology.She is finding that she is having difficulty remembering the psychology material because the sociology material keeps coming to mind.Willow is experiencing ____ inhibition.

Last week,Darrel memorized a poem.Now his roommate tells him that he has memorized one word incorrectly.However,Darrel has memorized the incorrect version so well that he has difficulty learning and remembering the correct word.This best illustrates ____.

Jenna is serving on a jury.A witness has just identified the defendant as the person who committed the crime.Having read the Linkages section of the memory chapter,Jenna knows she can have confidence in the identification if the witness ____.

Thirty years ago,it took Margie ten hours to learn how to ride a bike.She has not ridden a bike since then.Now she is relearning how to ride a bike,but this time,it takes her only five hours.Because it took her less time to relearn the skill than to learn it initially,Margie is demonstrating ____.

Bill tries to think back to his grade school play and remember the songs that they sang.However,he has trouble recalling the songs because those memories have faded with time.This kind of forgetting is called ____.

When asked to recall the past two years and report all of his positive and negative experiences,Mrugesh is able to accurately recall a much higher number of the positive memories than the negative ones.This outcome is consistent with research on the topic of ____.

In one study,students study nonsense syllables.Some of these students then carry on with normal waking activities and others take a nap.Those who take a nap recall more syllables,thus illustrating the effect ____ has on learning.

Research on false memories has found that ____.

You used to dial the phone number to the Tribune's Sport Score Hot Line every day,but for the last six months,you have called the Sun-Times's Sports Line.Now you can't remember the Tribune's number.This is probably due to ____ inhibition.

Luke does not like his roommate's girlfriend,and he keeps forgetting to tell his roommate when the girlfriend calls their land line.Which concept best explains his actions?

Alexis is in a courtroom as an eyewitness to a crime.Alexis ____.

Phan just moved to a new town and is having trouble remembering his new phone number.When someone asks for his new number,Phan usually provides the old one.Phan's forgetfulness is probably due to ____.

According to Ebbinghaus's forgetting curve,you should review your lecture notes within the first ____ after class.

Kari is studying French vocabulary words.If Kari forgets this material,the largest part of her forgetting will occur within ____of learning the material.

You are driving down the street when you see a billboard displaying a phone number for a service you need.You keep repeating the number so you won't forget it until you get home,where you can write it down.You do this to prevent the process of ____ from causing you to forget the number.