Question 1

The nurse has provided instructions to the mother of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF) about appropriate dietary measures. Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates an understanding of the diet that should be provided to the child?

Accepted Answer

Children with cystic fibrosis require a high-calorie diet to meet their increased energy needs due to their condition, which affects the lungs and digestive system.

Question 2

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized infant with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis. The nurse positions the infant:

Accepted Answer

Positioning the infant with the head and chest at a 30-degree angle with the neck slightly extended helps to promote optimal lung expansion and facilitates easier breathing, which is crucial for a patient with bronchiolitis.

Question 3

The nurse is providing instructions to the mother of a child with croup regarding treatment measures if an acute spasmodic episode occurs. Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates a need for further instruction?

Accepted Answer

A steam vaporizer can pose a burn risk and is not recommended; a cool mist humidifier is safer for treating croup.

Question 4

The nurse employed in an emergency department is monitoring a child diagnosed with epiglottitis. The nurse notes that the child is leaning forward with the chin thrust out. The nurse interprets this finding as indicating:

Accepted Answer

The child leaning forward with the chin thrust out is a classic sign of an airway obstruction in epiglottitis, indicating the child is trying to open the airway as much as possible to breathe.

Question 5

The nurse is preparing for administering ribavirin (Virazole) to a child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Which of the following supplies will the nurse obtain for the administration of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Ribavirin is administered via inhalation, and healthcare providers should wear goggles to protect their eyes from exposure to the aerosolized medication.

Question 6

A nursing student is conducting a clinical conference about measures that assist in preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). The student plans to write on a handout that it is best to place an infant in which of the following positions for sleep?

Accepted Answer

Placing an infant on the back or in a supine position for sleep is recommended to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This position ensures the airway remains open and reduces the risk of suffocation.

Question 7

A sweat test is performed on an infant with a suspected diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF). The nurse reviews the results of the test and notes that the chloride level is 40 mEq/L. The nurse interprets that this finding is indicative of:

Accepted Answer

Chloride levels in a sweat test are used to diagnose cystic fibrosis. A level between 30 to 59 mEq/L is considered borderline and suggestive of CF, often requiring a repeat test for confirmation. Levels above 60 mEq/L are typically indicative of CF, while levels below 30 mEq/L are usually considered negative.

Question 8

The nursing student is caring for an infant with a respiratory infection and is monitoring for signs of dehydration. The nursing instructor asks the student to identify the most reliable method of determining fluid loss. The instructor determines that the student understands this method when the student states that the plan is to:

Accepted Answer

Monitoring body weight is the most reliable method of determining fluid loss, especially in infants, because even small changes in weight can indicate significant fluid loss or gain.

Question 9

The nurse is developing a plan of care for a child admitted with a diagnosis of Kawasaki disease. In developing the initial plan of care, the nurse includes to monitor the child for signs of:

Accepted Answer

Kawasaki disease can lead to complications such as coronary artery aneurysms, which increase the risk of thrombosis and myocardial infarction, potentially resulting in congestive heart failure (CHF). Monitoring for signs of CHF is crucial in the care of patients with Kawasaki disease.

Question 10

The nurse is reviewing the physician's prescriptions for a child with rheumatic fever (RF) who is suspected of having a viral infection. The nurse notes that acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) is prescribed for the child. Which of the following nursing actions is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

Consulting with the physician is the most appropriate action because aspirin is associated with Reye's syndrome, especially in children with viral infections. It's important to verify the prescription due to the potential risks.

Question 11

The nurse is assigned to care for an infant with tetralogy of Fallot. The mother of the infant calls the nurse to the room because the infant suddenly seems to be having difficulty breathing. The nurse enters the room and notes that the infant is experiencing a hypercyanotic episode. The initial nursing action is to:

Accepted Answer

Placing the infant in a knee-chest position helps to increase venous return to the heart, which can improve oxygenation during a hypercyanotic episode in a child with tetralogy of Fallot. This position helps to decrease the return of systemic venous blood to the heart, reducing the amount of unoxygenated blood shunted to the systemic circulation.

Question 12

The nurse is caring for an infant with congenital heart disease. Which of the following signs, if noted in the infant, would alert the nurse to the early development of congestive heart failure (CHF)?

Accepted Answer

Diaphoresis during feeding is a common sign of congestive heart failure (CHF) in infants, indicating that the infant is working harder to breathe while also trying to feed, which can be a significant effort due to the compromised cardiac function.

Question 13

The nurse reviews the physician's prescriptions for a child with a streptococcal infection. The physician prescribes an antistreptolysin O titer. Based on this prescription, which of the following would the nurse suspect in the child?

Accepted Answer

An antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer is a blood test used to help diagnose a current or past infection with Group A Streptococcus, which is the bacterium that can cause rheumatic fever (RF) among other conditions. Elevated ASO levels are commonly associated with rheumatic fever, which can develop after an untreated or inadequately treated streptococcal infection.

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a child with congestive heart failure (CHF). The nurse provides instructions to the mother regarding the procedure for administration of the prescribed digoxin (Lanoxin). Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates a need for further education?

Accepted Answer

Mixing digoxin with food can alter its absorption and effectiveness, indicating a misunderstanding of proper administration techniques and a need for further education.

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of a right-to-left cardiac shunt. On review of the child's record, the nurse would expect to note documentation of which of the following most common assessment findings?

Accepted Answer

A right-to-left cardiac shunt allows deoxygenated blood to bypass the lungs and enter the systemic circulation, leading to cyanosis due to the reduced oxygenation of blood.

Question 16

The nurse is collecting data on a child with a diagnosis of rheumatic fever (RF). Which of the following questions would the nurse initially ask the mother of the child?

Accepted Answer

Rheumatic fever often follows a streptococcal infection, such as strep throat. Asking about a recent sore throat can help link the child's symptoms to a possible preceding streptococcal infection, which is a critical piece of information for diagnosing rheumatic fever.

Question 17

The nurse is reviewing the health record of an infant with a diagnosis of congenital heart disease. The nurse notes documentation in the record that the infant has clubbing of the fingers. The nurse understands that this finding is caused by:

Accepted Answer

Clubbing of the fingers is a sign of chronic hypoxia, which is related to poor oxygenation. In the context of congenital heart disease, it indicates that the heart's structural abnormalities are causing inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

Question 18

The nurse is admitting a child who arrived from the emergency department after treatment for acetaminophen (Tylenol) overdose. The nurse reviews the child's record and expects to note that the child received which of the following for the acetaminophen overdose?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) is the antidote for acetaminophen overdose, used to prevent or lessen hepatic injury after ingestion of a potentially hepatotoxic dose of acetaminophen.

Question 19

The nurse is monitoring a child who is receiving EDTA with BAL (British anti -Lewisite) for the treatment of lead poisoning. The nurse reviews the laboratory results of the child during treatment with this medication and is particularly concerned with monitoring which of the following laboratory test results?

Accepted Answer

EDTA with BAL is used for the treatment of lead poisoning, and these chelating agents can cause nephrotoxicity. Monitoring the Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) level is essential to assess kidney function and detect any potential damage caused by the treatment.

Question 20

The mother of a child with an umbilical hernia calls the clinic and reports to the nurse that the child has been vomiting and is complaining of pain in the abdominal area. The nurse would most appropriately instruct the mother to:

Accepted Answer

Vomiting and abdominal pain in a child with an umbilical hernia could indicate incarceration or strangulation of the hernia, which is a medical emergency. Therefore, contacting the physician immediately is the most appropriate action.

Quiz 2: Child Health

The nurse has provided instructions to the mother of a child with cystic fibrosis (CF) about appropriate dietary measures. Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates an understanding of the diet that should be provided to the child?

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized infant with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis. The nurse positions the infant:

The nurse is providing instructions to the mother of a child with croup regarding treatment measures if an acute spasmodic episode occurs. Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates a need for further instruction?

The nurse employed in an emergency department is monitoring a child diagnosed with epiglottitis. The nurse notes that the child is leaning forward with the chin thrust out. The nurse interprets this finding as indicating:

The nurse is preparing for administering ribavirin (Virazole) to a child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) . Which of the following supplies will the nurse obtain for the administration of this medication?

A nursing student is conducting a clinical conference about measures that assist in preventing sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) . The student plans to write on a handout that it is best to place an infant in which of the following positions for sleep?

A sweat test is performed on an infant with a suspected diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) . The nurse reviews the results of the test and notes that the chloride level is 40 mEq/L. The nurse interprets that this finding is indicative of: