Question 1

A child is scheduled for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The parent of the child asks the nurse about the procedure. The nurse tells the parent that this type of transplantation involves:

Accepted Answer

Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation involves obtaining bone marrow from a donor who matches the child's tissue type, not from the child themselves, their twin, or from an animal source.

Question 2

The student nurse is presenting a clinical conference, and the topic of discussion is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in children. The student is focusing the discussion on the methods of transmission of the virus. Which of the following would be included in the discussion?

Accepted Answer

A) HIV is not transmitted through casual contact such as hugging, holding, or touching, which is an important point to clarify in discussions about its transmission.

Question 3

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of studies on a 4-month-old infant and notes that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody test is positive. The nurse determines that this test result indicates which of the following?

Accepted Answer

DThe presence of HIV antibodies in a 4-month-old infant most likely indicates maternal transmission of antibodies rather than infection in the infant. Maternal antibodies can be passed to the infant and persist for up to 18 months, making it difficult to determine infection status in infants based solely on antibody tests. A positive result in an infant this age suggests the mother is infected with HIV. A repeat test is recommended to monitor the infant's status as maternal antibodies decline and to determine if the infant is truly infected.

Question 4

The nurse is caring for a child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and notes the presence of mouth sores. The nurse provides instructions to the mother regarding maintaining adequate nutritional intake in the child. Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates a need for further education?

Accepted Answer

Salty foods can irritate mouth sores and are not recommended for a child with mouth sores due to AIDS. This statement indicates a need for further education.

Question 5

The nurse is reviewing the immunization schedule for a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection with the mother. Which of the following will be a component of the instructions that the nurse provides to the mother?

Accepted Answer

Children with HIV should receive inactivated vaccines, such as the inactivated polio vaccine, to avoid the risk associated with live vaccines.

Question 6

A CD4⁺ count has been prescribed for a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The nurse has explained to the mother the purpose of the blood test. Which of the following comments by the mother would indicate that further explanation is required for the mother to understand the purpose of the blood test?

Accepted Answer

The CD4 count is used to assess the immune system's health and the risk of disease progression in HIV-infected individuals, not to diagnose HIV itself. Diagnosis of HIV is typically made through specific HIV antibody and antigen tests.

Question 7

The nurse is providing instructions to the mother of a child who has been exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. The nurse instructs the mother to notify the physician if which of the following symptoms occurs in the child?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is providing instructions to the...

Question 8

A 3-year-old child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is being discharged from the hospital. The nurse is providing instructions to the mother regarding home care and infection control measures. Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates a need for further education?

Accepted Answer

The statement "I should discard any unused food immediately" indicates a need for further education because it does not directly relate to infection control measures specific to a child with HIV. Proper nutrition and food handling are important, but the immediate disposal of unused food is not a specific requirement for HIV infection control. Washing vegetables, discarding damaged nipples, and using a dishwasher for utensils are more directly related to maintaining hygiene and preventing infections.

Question 9

The nurse is providing instructions to the mother of a child with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection regarding immunizations. Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates an understanding of the immunization schedule?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is providing instructions to the...

Question 10

A child was seen in the health care clinic and received an immunization of DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) vaccine. One hour later, the mother calls the clinic and tells the nurse that the injection site is painful and red. Which of the following instructions would the nurse provide to the mother?

Accepted Answer

Applying cold compresses can help reduce pain and swelling at the injection site, which is a common and mild reaction to vaccines.

Question 11

The nurse is preparing to administer an MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella) vaccine to a 15-month- old child. Prior to administering the vaccine, which of the following questions would the nurse ask the mother of the child?

Accepted Answer

The nurse should ask if the child is allergic to any antibiotics, specifically neomycin or gelatin, as these are components of the MMR vaccine and could cause an allergic reaction.

Question 12

A child is seen in the health care clinic, and the nurse suspects the presence of pinworm infection (enterobiasis). The nurse instructs the mother as to how to obtain a cellophane tape rectal specimen. Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates an understanding of the correct procedure to obtain the specimen?

Accepted Answer

The correct procedure for obtaining a specimen for pinworms involves placing a piece of transparent cellophane tape over the anal area first thing in the morning, before the child has bathed or had a bowel movement. This method captures eggs that may have been laid around the anus overnight.

Question 13

An adolescent is seen in the health care clinic with complaints of chronic fatigue. On physical examination, the nurse notes that the adolescent has swollen lymph nodes. Laboratory test results indicate the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (mononucleosis). The nurse informs the mother of the test results and provides instruction regarding care of the adolescent. Which of the following statements, if made by the mother, indicates an understanding of care measures?

Accepted Answer

Mononucleosis can lead to spleen enlargement, which can cause abdominal pain or referred pain to the left shoulder, indicating a potential spleen rupture. This is a serious complication that requires immediate medical attention.

Question 14

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized child with a diagnosis of measles (rubeola). In preparing to care for the child, which of the following supplies would the nurse bring to the child's room to prevent transmission of the virus?

Accepted Answer

Measles (rubeola) is highly contagious and primarily spread through respiratory droplets. Therefore, wearing a mask (to prevent inhalation of droplets) and gloves (to avoid direct contact with contaminated surfaces) is essential for preventing transmission.

Question 15

The nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of roseola. The nurse provides instructions to the mother regarding the prevention of the transmission of the infection to siblings and other household members. Which of the following instructions does the nurse provide?

Accepted Answer

Roseola is primarily spread through saliva, so avoiding the sharing of drinking glasses or eating utensils is an effective way to prevent transmission.

Question 16

A child hospitalized with pertussis is in the convalescent stage, and the nurse is preparing the child for discharge. The nurse has provided instructions to the parents for home care of the child. Which of the following statements, if made by a parent, indicates a need for further education?

Accepted Answer

Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, not a virus. Therefore, the statement about preventing the spread of the virus indicates a misunderstanding and a need for further education.

Question 17

A child is seen in a health care clinic, and a diagnosis of chickenpox is confirmed. The mother expresses concern for two other children at home. She asks the nurse if the child is infectious to the other children. The most appropriate response by the nurse is:

Accepted Answer

The infectious period for chickenpox starts 1 to 2 days before the rash appears and continues until all the lesions have crusted over, typically about 5 days after the onset of the rash. This period includes the time when the virus is most easily spread to others.

Question 18

A child is being discharged from the hospital following heart surgery. Prior to discharge, the nurse reviews the discharge instructions with the mother. Which of the following statements if made by the mother indicates a need for further education?

Accepted Answer

The statement "Visitors are not allowed for at least 1 month" indicates a need for further education because it may be overly restrictive. While it's important to limit exposure to infections post-surgery, a complete ban on visitors for a month might not be necessary and could be adjusted based on the child's recovery and specific medical advice.

Question 19

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a term applied to a disorder that impairs movement and posture. The effects on perception, language, and intellect are determined by the type that is diagnosed. What are the potential warning signs of CP? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Stiff or rigid limbs, very low birth weight, using only one side to crawl, and feeding difficulties are warning signs of CP.

Question 20

A child is brought to the emergency department, and a fracture of the left lower arm is suspected. The mother states that the child was rollerblading and attempted to break a fall with an outstretched arm. Diagnostic x-rays of the child reveal that a fracture is present. A plaster of Paris cast is applied to the arm, and the nurse provides instructions to the mother regarding cast care at home. Which teaching points would the nurse provide the mother? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

A plaster of Paris cast will mold to the body part (C) and needs to be kept dry as it disintegrates when wet (D). Keeping the cast elevated helps reduce swelling (E), and ensuring the child can wiggle fingers checks for circulation and nerve function (F).

Quiz 2: Child Health

A child is scheduled for allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) . The parent of the child asks the nurse about the procedure. The nurse tells the parent that this type of transplantation involves: