Question 1

According to American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, allergic disorders affect up to what percentage of children globally?

Accepted Answer

Allergic disorders affect up to 30% of children globally. The most common allergic disorder and rhinitis are present in 10% to 30% of children globally.

Question 2

What is one type of an immune response?

Accepted Answer

There are two types of immune responses: innate/adaptive and humoral/cell-mediated. The adaptive response activates immunological memory, a response to recognize a pathogen. The innate response is essential and the less complex response. Both responses work together to eliminate pathogens when they enter the body.

Question 3

In the immune response, what specific process identifies and kills cells that are abnormal due to infections?

Accepted Answer

T cells, also known as killer T cells, identify and kill abnormal cells due to infections or other processes. T cells also produce multiple effector cells that circulate and destroy pathogens during an encounter.

Question 4

What is the only type of immunity available at birth?

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity is the only type of immunity available at birth. Passive immunity is only short term and imperative in an infant. Passive immunity can be acquired by maternal transmission administration of immunoglobulin G (IgG).

Question 5

Which is not a viral vaccine?

Accepted Answer

Varicella and measles, mumps, rubella (MMR) are all viral vaccines and use live attenuated viruses. Tetanus, diphtheria, pertussis (DTaP) are all bacterial vaccines and use inactivated microorganisms.

Question 6

What is the first response of the immune system to a pathogen?

Accepted Answer

Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to a pathogen. Increased blood flow occurs from inflammation and results in redness, pain, heat, and swelling.

Question 7

Which type of allergic reaction occurs when the child encounters an allergen for the first time?

Accepted Answer

In a type 1 hypersensitivity allergic reaction, the child encounters the allergen for the first time, and an antigen-presenting cell causes a response to the T helper type 2 lymphocyte. This type of T cell produces a cytokine, interleukin-4.

Question 8

Which symptom is not a systemic symptom of anaphylaxis?

Accepted Answer

Vasodilation, mucus secretion, nerve stimulation, and smooth muscle contractions are all systemic symptoms of anaphylaxis. Allergic salute is not a systemic symptom of anaphylaxis; it is a frequent runny nose.

Question 9

What is not a physical finding of an acute allergic reaction?

Accepted Answer

If a child has an acute allergic reaction, some physical findings would be laryngeal redness, edema, decreased breathing sounds, wheezing, and tachycardia. Mucus secretion is not a physical finding of an acute allergic reaction.

Question 10

What is the most common type of dermatitis in children?

Accepted Answer

The most common dermatitis in children is atopic on contact. Some symptoms of dermatitis are dry, itchy, scaly patches of skin located on the extremities, head, and neck.

Question 11

What is the most frequent type of pediatric anaphylactic reaction?

Accepted Answer

The most frequent type of pediatric anaphylactic reaction is food-induced anaphylaxis. This reaction is responsible for over 30,000 emergency department visits and 150 deaths per year in the United States per CDC.

Question 12

Which foods do not create potentially severe reactions when consumed by children? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Children have many allergic reactions to food, but the most prevalent and potentially serious offenders are peanuts, seafood, cow's milk, hen's milk, and tree nuts.

Question 13

During the 1980s and 1990s, the risk of IgE-mediated sensitization to __________ was very high in certain populations, specifically in children with atopic dermatitis, spina bifida, and urological disorders.

Accepted Answer

In the 1980s and 1990s, the risk of IgE-mediated sensitization to natural rubber latex (NRL) was very high in children with atopic dermatitis, spina bifida, and urological disorders. There are three types of latex allergies: irritant contact dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis, and latex hypersensitivity.

Question 14

Which is not a systemic sign that will only occur with a latex hypersensitivity?

Accepted Answer

The systemic signs and symptoms that will only occur with a latex hypersensitivity are abdominal cramps, nasal congestion, conjunctivitis, itching, cramps, chest pain, dyspnea, hypotension, and anaphylaxis. Hypertension is not a sign or symptom of latex hypersensitivity.

Question 15

Which medication has been reported as the most common allergy in children?

Accepted Answer

Penicillin causes the most commonly reported medication reactions in children; however, the incidence is low. Adverse reactions include rashes or diarrhea.

Quiz 15: Allergic and Hypersensitivity Disorders