Question 1

The UNESCO constitution states: "since wars begin in the _________________ of men, it is in the _________________ of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed."

Accepted Answer

The correct phrase from the UNESCO constitution is "since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed."

Question 2

UNESCO originated in which country?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

Which of the below is not true?

Accepted Answer

UNESCO was actually founded on 16 November 1945, not in the 1960s.

Question 4

Throughout its existence, UNESCO has had some critics. A flashpoint occurred in the mid-1970s when a decision was made that excluded which country from the European regional grouping?

Accepted Answer

Israel was excluded from the European regional grouping in the mid-1970s, which was a significant point of contention and criticism towards UNESCO. This decision was part of broader geopolitical tensions and debates within the organization regarding member states' regional groupings.

Question 5

The UNESCO debate in the 1970s resulted in:

Accepted Answer

All of the choices are correct because the UNESCO debate in the 1970s resulted in increased documentation and greater awareness of the one-way flow of media messages from core to peripheral nations, regional meetings of experts to discuss national communication policies, a resolution acknowledging both the right and responsibility of national governments to control the media messages available to their citizens, and new international requirements for satellite broadcasters.

Question 6

One issue that was resolved during the official UNESCO debate in 1970 was related to the rapid development of direct broadcast satellite (DBS) technology. What was the issue with DBS technology?

Accepted Answer

The issue with DBS technology that was resolved during the UNESCO debate in 1970 was that signals could easily circumvent local restrictions and transmit foreign messages, raising concerns about sovereignty and cultural invasion.

Question 7

A new pressure group emerged during the non-aligned movement. During a summit meeting in 1973, participating nations acknowledged their desire to develop a unique foreign-policy stance independent of both the United States and:

Accepted Answer

The Non-Aligned Movement aimed to establish an independent path in world politics that was separate from the two major Cold War powers at the time, the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR), allowing member countries to not formally align with or against any major power bloc.

Question 8

The New International Economic Order (NIEO) was not based on which of the following values:

Accepted Answer

The New International Economic Order (NIEO) was indeed based on values such as sovereign equality, cooperation, interdependence, and common interest, aiming to improve the economic conditions of developing countries through these principles.

Question 9

During the 1970s, which organization quickly became a model for peripheral nationals to emulate in hopes of obtaining the economic concessions and achieving the financial growth that had escaped them?

Accepted Answer

The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) quickly became a model for peripheral nations during the 1970s. OPEC's success in controlling oil prices and negotiating favorable terms for its member countries made it an example for other nations seeking economic concessions and financial growth.

Question 10

UNESCO's negative image during the 1970s was a result of what?

Accepted Answer

UNESCO's negative image during the 1970s stemmed from a combination of factors, including criticism of its parent organization (the United Nations), negative press from Western nations, and a shift in its focus from being a passive pro-Western agency to an active pro-development and periphery-oriented agency. These elements collectively contributed to the perception of UNESCO during that period.

Question 11

In 1978, M'Bow, Director-General of the General Assembly, announced the framework for UNESCO's future agenda. For many Western delegates, the issue boiled down to one of:

Accepted Answer

The controversy surrounding UNESCO's future agenda, particularly under the leadership of M'Bow, largely centered on the proposal for a New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO), which advocated for greater state control over the mass media. This was seen by many Western countries as a threat to press freedom and was a significant factor in the United States and the United Kingdom withdrawing from UNESCO in the 1980s.

Question 12

Director-General Mayor worked hard to promote the new communication strategies of UNESCO. His activities and comments were directed toward persuading two audiences. These two audiences were the United States and:

Accepted Answer

Director-General Mayor aimed to persuade current UNESCO members to support and adopt the new communication strategies.

Question 13

What is the title of the new unit within UNESCO that was created by Director-General Mayor in the 1990s?

Accepted Answer

The new unit created by Director-General Federico Mayor within UNESCO in the 1990s was titled "Freedom of Expression and Democracy."

Question 14

Under which president did the United States return to UNESCO?

Accepted Answer

The United States returned to UNESCO during the presidency of George W. Bush, specifically in 2003, after having withdrawn from the organization in 1984 during Ronald Reagan's presidency.

Question 15

The World Information Report, produced in the late-1990s by UNESCO, includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The World Information Report by UNESCO covered a broad range of topics related to the global information landscape, including descriptions of information services, infrastructure details, discussions on trends and issues, and the importance of international cooperation to ensure access for all.

Question 16

In October 1999, two major events occurred in UNESCO. One event was concerned with allegations of cronyism and mismanagement. The second event led to the election of a new Director-General. Who was elected as the new Director-General?

Accepted Answer

Koichiro Matsuura was elected as the new Director-General of UNESCO in October 1999, succeeding Federico Mayor.

Question 17

Which of the below is not a characteristic of the Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions?

Accepted Answer

The Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions primarily focuses on cultural diversity and the rights of nations to maintain their cultural policies, rather than acknowledging culture as a commercial good.

Question 18

The World Trade Organization would not like to reduce which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The World Trade Organization (WTO) aims to encourage free trade by regulating and facilitating international trade agreements. Reducing quotas, grants, subsidies, and license fees can help achieve this by making trade more accessible and fair. However, copyright protections are essential for encouraging innovation and creativity by ensuring creators can benefit from their work, which aligns with the WTO's broader goals of promoting fair and equitable trade practices.

Question 19

Besides communication, UNESCO is also concerned with which of the following areas?

Accepted Answer

UNESCO's mission encompasses literacy and education, as well as scientific and environmental topics, aligning with choices A and C.

Question 20

A small group of academics and journalists around the world continue to promote the aims of NWICO under the banner of the:

Accepted Answer

The MacBride Round Table is the correct answer because it is an initiative that continues to promote the aims of the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO), focusing on global communication issues and advocating for a more equitable flow of information. This initiative is named after Sean MacBride, who chaired the UNESCO commission that produced the MacBride Report, a foundational document for NWICO.

Quiz 3: The Message: The Role of International Organizations

The UNESCO constitution states: "since wars begin in the _ of men, it is in the _ of men that the defenses of peace must be constructed."