Question 1

The difference between adults' and school-age children's memory span is:

Accepted Answer

Adults typically remember only one more item than school-age children in memory span tasks, demonstrating a relatively small difference in the number of items both groups can recall.

Question 2

An activity intended to improve memory performance is known as:

Accepted Answer

A memory strategy is specifically designed to improve memory performance, involving techniques or methods to enhance the recall or retention of information.

Question 3

An activity intended to improve memory performance that involves repeating over and over again the information that needs to be remembered is known as:

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal is a cognitive process in which information is repeated over and over again as a possible way of learning and remembering it. This technique is often used to maintain information in short-term memory or to encode it for long-term memory.

Question 4

An activity intended to improve memory performance that involves putting the material to be remembered in an orderly framework is known as:

Accepted Answer

An organizational strategy involves structuring or arranging the material to be remembered in a logical, orderly manner, which can significantly enhance memory retention by creating a framework that makes it easier to recall the information.

Question 5

Sally knows she is going to be asked to recall the five food groups on a test this morning. She is repeating to herself "fruit, vegetable, grain, milk, meat." This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal is a cognitive process in which information is repeated over and over as a possible way of learning and remembering it. Sally is using rehearsal by repeatedly saying the five food groups to herself to enhance her memory of them for the test.

Question 6

Children who do not use rehearsal strategies for memory tasks:

Accepted Answer

Children who do not use rehearsal strategies for memory tasks can be trained to use strategies, which can improve their memory performance. This training can involve teaching them how to actively repeat information or engage in other techniques to help remember information more effectively.

Question 7

The strategy of creating a relationship or meaning between two objects in order to help remember an association between them is known as:

Accepted Answer

Elaboration is a memory strategy that involves creating a relationship or meaning between two or more items that do not belong to the same category, in order to remember them more easily. This can involve forming mental images, making up stories, or finding other ways to create connections between the information.

Question 8

Knowledge about memory itself, including awareness of one's own memory skills, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Metamemory refers to one's knowledge and awareness of their own memory processes and abilities. It includes understanding how memory works, recognizing one's own memory capabilities, and being aware of strategies that can aid memory.

Question 9

Susan is given a set of objects that she is asked to remember. She quickly divides the objects into categories based on their function. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Susan is using an organizational strategy by categorizing objects based on their function, which helps in remembering them more efficiently.

Question 10

The difference between preschool and school-age children's use of organizational strategies is:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The difference between preschool and school-age children's...

Question 11

Carrie has a test in which she must pair inventors with their inventions. She creates the image of a phone shaped like a bell and ringing, in order to remember the pair Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Carrie is using elaboration, a memory strategy that involves creating a vivid association or image to help remember information. By imagining a phone shaped like a bell and ringing, she is elaborating on the connection between Alexander Graham Bell and the telephone, making it easier to recall.

Question 12

Children perform better on memory tasks if the task involves:

Accepted Answer

Children perform better on memory tasks if the task involves something familiar. This is because familiar objects and experiences are easier to remember than unfamiliar ones.

Question 13

Howard is a competitive chess player and a fourth grader. Researchers asked him to remember precisely the position of chess pieces after looking at the board and also to remember a digit span. Compared to typical adults, Howard will:

Accepted Answer

Howard, being a competitive chess player, will likely have a better memory for chess positions due to his expertise in the game. However, his digit span memory, which is a general cognitive skill not specifically related to chess, might not surpass that of typical adults, as it is more reflective of developmental stage than specific training or expertise.

Question 14

When Sternberg asked people to define the components of intelligence, they included all of the following, except:

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's components of intelligence typically include verbal ability, problem-solving skills, and social competence, but not spatial skills.

Question 15

Some researchers proposed a g, which is:

Accepted Answer

The term "g" refers to a general intelligence factor, which is a concept from psychometrics indicating a common cognitive ability underlying performance across a variety of tasks. This concept is central to hierarchical models of intelligence but is distinct from theories proposing multiple intelligences or triarchic theories of intelligence.

Question 16

The hierarchical model of intelligence includes all, except:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The hierarchical model of intelligence includes all,...

Question 17

Four-year-old Amy took two different IQ tests. She scored higher on the Peabody Picture Intelligence than on the Stanford-Binet. This indicates that:

Accepted Answer

The Peabody Picture Intelligence test is less reliant on verbal skills, focusing more on visual learning and understanding. If Amy scored higher on this test compared to the Stanford-Binet, which has a significant verbal component, it suggests that her verbal skills may not be as strong. This is because the Stanford-Binet assesses both verbal and quantitative abilities, and a lower score on it, compared to a visually oriented test, implies relatively weaker verbal skills.

Question 18

Comparing children's abilities who have taken different IQ tests is limited because:

Accepted Answer

Tests measure different aspects of intelligence, so comparing children's abilities who have taken different IQ tests is limited.

Question 19

The level of cognitive functioning, as measured by the number of items answered correctly on an intelligence test, is known as:

Accepted Answer

Mental age refers to the level of cognitive functioning or intellectual level as demonstrated by the number of items answered correctly on an intelligence test, in comparison to the average performance of individuals of a certain chronological age.

Question 20

A statistical measure of spread or distribution of data around a mean is known as:

Accepted Answer

The standard deviation is a measure that is used to quantify the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of data values around the mean, making it the correct answer.

Quiz 11: Cognitive Development During Middle Childhoodpiagets Theory