Question 1

Will is 5 months old and enjoys playing face-to-face games with his mother more than with other adults. He is in which phase of attachment?

Accepted Answer

At around 2 to 7 months of age, infants enter the "attachment in the making" phase, where they begin to show a preference for familiar people, like their parents, over strangers. Will's preference for his mother indicates he is in this phase.

Question 2

Anna is 14 months old and cries when her mother leaves the room. She is which stage of attachment?

Accepted Answer

At around 14 months, children are typically in the clear-cut attachment phase, where they show strong attachment to their caregivers and may experience separation anxiety when the caregiver leaves.

Question 3

In an effort to remain close to attachment figures, infants often show angry or anxious behaviors when their attachment figures leave. This is known as:

Accepted Answer

Separation protest is the term used to describe the angry or anxious behaviors that infants often show when their attachment figures leave, indicating distress due to separation.

Question 4

Madeline can tolerate daily separations from her parents while they work. She often talks about her parents with her teachers. She is in which phase of attachment?

Accepted Answer

Madeline's ability to tolerate separations and talk about her parents indicates she has developed a reciprocal relationship, characteristic of the formation of reciprocal relationships phase.

Question 5

Cognitive representations of attachment figures that specify the extent to which such figures can be counted on in various situations is known as:

Accepted Answer

The concept of an internal working model in attachment theory refers to the cognitive framework comprising mental representations for understanding the world, self, and others. A person's internal working model of attachment influences expectations and interactions in relationships, particularly in terms of availability and responsiveness of attachment figures.

Question 6

Although almost all infants form attachment relationships in the first year, these relationships vary in:

Accepted Answer

Infants form attachments that vary in security, reflecting the nature of the relationship with their caregivers, including how responsive and sensitive the caregiver is to the infant's needs.

Question 7

Mary Ainsworth is best known for work on:

Accepted Answer

Mary Ainsworth is best known for her work on attachment theory, particularly her development of the Strange Situation procedure to observe early emotional attachment between a child and its primary caregiver.

Question 8

The most common type of attachment relationship is:

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment is the most common type of attachment relationship, as it is typically observed in the majority of children across various cultures. It is characterized by children feeling safe and confident to explore their environment while knowing they can rely on their caregiver for support and comfort.

Question 9

In the Strange Situation, Jonah explores the room and toys. He is upset by his mother's absence and greets her warmly when she returns. What type of attachment relationship do Jonah and his mother have?

Accepted Answer

Jonah's behavior indicates a secure attachment. He feels comfortable exploring when his mother is present, shows distress when she leaves, and is happy upon her return, which are characteristics of a secure attachment pattern.

Question 10

How many episodes are included in Ainsworth's strange situation?

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth's Strange Situation includes 8 episodes designed to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and child.

Question 11

Joey does not interact with his mother much during the Strange Situation. He is not upset at separation and when she returns he does not make eye contact with her. Which type of relationship do Joey and his mother have?

Accepted Answer

Joey's behavior indicates an avoidant attachment style, characterized by a lack of distress upon separation and avoidance of the caregiver upon reunion.

Question 12

About how many North American babies show avoidant attachment relationships with their mothers?

Accepted Answer

About 20% of North American babies show avoidant attachment relationships with their mothers. This is based on the attachment theory research, which categorizes attachment into different types, with avoidant attachment being one of them.

Question 13

When children are unsure of whether the parent can be counted on for comfort and protection, this is indicative of what type of attachment relationship?

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes ambivalent attachment, where children are uncertain about the availability of their parent for comfort and protection, leading to anxiety and ambivalence in the relationship.

Question 14

During the Strange Situation, Michelle clings to her mother. She cries very loudly and is difficult to soothe when the mother returns. This is an example of which type of attachment relations?

Accepted Answer

This behavior is indicative of ambivalent attachment, where the child shows strong attachment behavior, distress upon separation, and difficulty being soothed upon reunion, often showing ambivalence toward the caregiver.

Question 15

About how many North American infants show ambivalent attachment relationships with their mother?

Accepted Answer

Approximately 10% of North American infants exhibit ambivalent attachment relationships with their mothers, characterized by anxiety and uncertainty in their interactions.

Question 16

Kenny shows bizarre behaviors in the Strange Situation. He seems confused and freezes for several minutes. This is an example of which type of attachment relationship?

Accepted Answer

Kenny's behavior is indicative of disorganized attachment, characterized by a lack of clear attachment behavior. His confusion and freezing suggest he does not have a consistent strategy for dealing with stress or separation, typical of disorganized attachment.

Question 17

A method of measuring attachment security that involves parents reporting their children's attachment behaviors is known as:

Accepted Answer

The attachment q-sort is a method that involves parents (or other caregivers) reporting on their children's attachment behaviors. It consists of a set of descriptive statements about children's attachment-related behaviors, which the caregiver sorts according to how characteristic they are of the child, providing a nuanced picture of the child's attachment security.

Question 18

Which of the following has not been shown to influence attachment stability?

Accepted Answer

Child gender has not been consistently shown to influence attachment stability, whereas parental depression, marital transitions, and stressful life events have been linked to changes in attachment.

Question 19

Infants can become attached to secondary caregivers if these caregivers:

Accepted Answer

Infants form attachments based on the quality of care they receive, not on the amount of time spent, living arrangements, or genetic relation. Sensitive and responsive care is key to forming attachments.

Question 20

Studies of sibling pairs attachment quality with mothers indicate:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Studies of sibling pairs attachment quality with...

Quiz 6: Social and Emotional Development