Question 1

Which of the following was not identified in consideration of individuals having to come to terms with general chronic illness?

Accepted Answer

Dysphoria is not typically identified as a concept individuals must come to terms with in the context of chronic illness, whereas disruption, uncertainty, and striving for recovery are common themes.

Question 2

Taylor (1983) argued for a cognitive adaptation model, what is different in this model from a stage model of response?

Accepted Answer

The cognitive adaptation model proposed by Taylor (1983) differs from stage models of response primarily in that it does not prescribe a fixed sequence of stages or themes through which individuals must progress. Instead, it focuses on how individuals cognitively adapt to a situation, which can occur in various ways without a predetermined order.

Question 3

In Kiecolt-Glaser et al., (1994) elderly caregivers of a spouse with Alzheimer's disease had _______ immune functioning than healthy same age matched controls.

Accepted Answer

Kiecolt-Glaser et al. (1994) found that elderly caregivers of a spouse with Alzheimer's disease had lower immune functioning compared to healthy, same-age matched controls, highlighting the impact of chronic stress on immune system function.

Question 4

"I'm just my mom's daughter/son looking after her. But if I'm speaking to somebody I'll say I'm her carer because that's what I'm doing. It's a role that I'm playing" is an example of a caregiver who has:

Accepted Answer

This statement reflects a partial absorption of the caregiver identity, indicating that the individual recognizes their role as a caregiver when communicating with others, but primarily sees themselves in their familial role (daughter/son) rather than fully identifying as a caregiver. This suggests an acknowledgment of the caregiving role without it fully defining their identity.

Question 5

Couple identity partially _______ the effect of perceived overload, relational changes, and loss of independence.

Accepted Answer

Couple identity partially mediates the effect of perceived overload, relational changes, and loss of independence.

Question 6

Wives of MI patients tend to 'protect' their partners from negative information, thought and feelings which can lead to:

Accepted Answer

This behavior can lead to increased distress for both the patient and the caregiver. The caregiver may experience stress from constantly trying to shield their partner, while the patient may feel isolated or overly dependent, exacerbating stress and anxiety for both parties.

Question 7

A significant contributor to patients resuming pre-illness functioning, morbidity, and disability in disease such as cardiovascular disease is

Accepted Answer

Depression is a significant factor that can affect recovery and the ability to resume pre-illness functioning in patients with cardiovascular disease. It can lead to increased morbidity and disability.

Question 8

In the study of caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease, improvements to their physical and mental health were associated with what of type coping response (Goode et al., 1998)?

Accepted Answer

Approach coping, which involves confronting and trying to actively deal with the stressors or their emotional consequences, has been associated with improvements in both physical and mental health among caregivers of persons with Alzheimer's disease. This type of coping strategy helps caregivers to address the challenges they face in a constructive manner, potentially reducing the negative impacts of caregiving stress.

Question 9

According to Orbell et al. (1993), what positive outcomes of caring have not been identified?

Accepted Answer

Orbell et al. (1993) did not identify increased immune function as a positive outcome of caring. The other options (sense of fulfilment, feeling useful, and increased feelings of closeness) are recognized positive outcomes of caring.

Question 10

Benefits of social support and caring in a person with illness include:

Accepted Answer

Social support and caring can significantly improve a person's outlook and adherence to treatment when dealing with illness, leading to reduced all-cause mortality. This support can provide emotional, informational, and practical help, which can improve health outcomes and reduce the risk of death from various causes.

Question 11

Ethnic minority groups motivation for caregiving is different from white caregivers in what way?

Accepted Answer

Ethnic minority groups often place more value on collectivism, which emphasizes the importance of family and community support, influencing their motivation for caregiving.

Question 12

McCubbin and Patterson (1983) did not identify what in their parental coping strategies study?

Accepted Answer

McCubbin and Patterson (1983) identified various coping strategies among parents of chronically ill children, but they did not specifically identify coping by keeping up their own relationships with health professionals outside of their children's illness as a strategy. Their focus was more on how parents cope within the context of their family life, social relationships, and connections with medical staff and other parents in similar situations.

Question 13

In Lowe, Norman and Bennett's (2000) study about coping following a heart attack, what was the most common method of coping used in patients?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Lowe, Norman and Bennett's (2000) study...

Question 14

Stress in the family is a pressure that can disrupt or change the 'family system'. There are 3 stages in a continuum of adaptation (McCubbin & Patterson 1982) including:

Accepted Answer

McCubbin and Patterson (1982) describe the family adaptation process in three stages: resistance, restructuring, and consolidation. This model suggests that families first resist changes brought on by stress, then restructure their roles and relationships to adapt, and finally consolidate these changes into their family system.

Question 15

Caregiving characteristics and responses have been shown to influence caregiving outcomes. Name one that has NOT been shown as of yet.

Accepted Answer

Gender has not been shown to influence caregiving outcomes.

Question 16

What percentage of the Australian population identify as carers?

Accepted Answer

As of the latest data, approximately 11.6% of the Australian population identify as carers, providing unpaid care and support to family members or friends with a disability, mental illness, chronic condition, terminal illness, an alcohol or other drug issue, or who are frail aged.

Question 17

There is a large body of evidence suggesting that care giving has a negative physiological consequence. What is it?

Accepted Answer

Reduced immune function is a well-documented physiological consequence of caregiving due to the stress and strain it often entails, which can impair the body's immune response.

Question 18

According to Thompson and Pitts (1992), over caring for patients may cause them to experience reduced

Accepted Answer

Over caring for patients can lead to reduced self-efficacy because it may make them feel less capable of managing their own health and well-being, fostering a dependency that undermines their confidence in their own abilities.

Question 19

Caring satisfactions as identified by Kinney et al. (1995) and Kramer (1997) do NOT include:

Accepted Answer

Caring satisfactions typically include a sense of fulfillment, feeling useful, and increased feelings of closeness, but not necessarily a healthier lifestyle.

Question 20

Banthia et al. (2003) reported that the quality of a relationship may _______ the effects of individual coping.

Accepted Answer

Banthia et al. (2003) suggested that the quality of a relationship can moderate (or influence the strength of) the effects of individual coping strategies on outcomes, rather than directly benefiting from, worsening, or altering those effects.

Quiz 14: The Impact of Illness on Patients and Their Families