Question 1

According to Doll et al. (2004), smoking cessation at age 30 leads to approximately _______ life years gained.
A) 5
B) 7.5
C) 10
D) 12.5

Accepted Answer

According to Doll et al. (2004), smoking cessation at age 30 leads to approximately 10 life years gained.

Question 2

Serotonin not only appears to mediate mood, it is also responsible for:
A) Feelings of satiety
B) Low levels of activity
C) Feelings of high self-efficacy
D) Craving for specific foods

Accepted Answer

Serotonin is involved in regulating appetite and can induce feelings of satiety, helping to signal when the body is full.

Question 3

Matarazzo provided a definition of health behaviour, what term did he give health protective behaviours?
A) A behavioural pathogen
B) A behavioural immunogen
C) A health behavior protector
D) A behavioural immuniser

Accepted Answer

Matarazzo defined health protective behaviors as "behavioral immunogens," emphasizing their role in promoting health and preventing disease, similar to how immunogens stimulate the immune system to provide protection.

Question 4

One of the ways obtaining valid measures of health behaviour can be problematic is because:
A) it relies on self-report.
B) asking people to record their behaviour does not lead them to alter their behaviour.
C) it often relies on the memory of the individuals family.
D) there are standard definitions of health all over the world.

Accepted Answer

Self-reporting can be problematic in obtaining valid measures of health behavior because individuals may not accurately remember their behaviors, may intentionally or unintentionally misreport their actions, or may be influenced by social desirability bias, leading to over- or under-reporting of certain behaviors.

Question 5

Excessive fat and cholesterol have been implicated in several diseases. In which one of the following have they not been implicated?
A) Coronary heart disease
B) Breast cancer
C) Stroke
D) Hypertension

Accepted Answer

Hypertension is not directly caused by excessive fat and cholesterol.

Question 6

The National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines for Australian alcohol consumption is:
A) No more than 3 standard drinks per day for women and 5 for men
B) No more than 2 standard drinks per day for both men and women
C) No more than 4 standard drinks per day for both men and women
D) No more than 2 standard drinks per day for women and 4 for men

Accepted Answer

The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) of Australia recommends no more than 10 standard drinks per week and no more than 4 standard drinks on any one day to reduce the risk of harm from alcohol-related disease or injury. This guideline does not differentiate between men and women, making option B the correct choice as it aligns with the principle of moderation promoted by the NHMRC.

Question 7

In Australia which age group is most likely to be at risk for negative psychosocial problems caused by obesity?
A) Young children
B) The elderly
C) Middle aged adults
D) Young adults

Accepted Answer

The answer of In Australia which age group is most...

Question 8

Which of the following reasons do people not engage in health behaviours?
A) To maintain their health
B) To look good
C) To maintain or gain social contacts
D) To increase their risk of heart disease

Accepted Answer

People generally engage in health behaviors for positive outcomes such as maintaining health, looking good, or gaining social contacts. They do not engage in health behaviors to increase their risk of heart disease, making D the correct choice.

Question 9

What is one of the things wrong with Kasl and Cobb's definition of health behaviour as 'any activity undertaken by a person believing themselves to be healthy for the purposes of preventing disease or detecting it at an asymptomatic stage'?
A) It does not assume that the only motivation of health-related behaviours is to maintain health
B) It includes the possibility that people who consider themselves as not being healthy may engage in healthy behaviours
C) It includes the possibility that people may engage in healthy behaviours following the onset of disease
D) It assumes that only motivation of health-related behaviours is to maintain health

Accepted Answer

Kasl and Cobb's definition implies that the sole motivation behind health behaviors is to maintain health or prevent disease, which overlooks other motivations such as improving quality of life, enhancing physical fitness, or social reasons.

Question 10

Evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of Vitamin D might reduce the prevalence of certain health problems. Which of the following is NOT listed?
A) Autoimmune disease
B) Prostate cancer
C) Rheumatoid arthritis
D) Cardiovascular disease

Accepted Answer

The answer of Evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of...

Question 11

The World Health Organisation identified ten leading risk factors for disease across the world. Which of the following are not included:
A) Being underweight
B) Unprotected sexual intercourse
C) Obesity
D) Poor mental health

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies leading risk factors for global disease burden that are primarily related to physical health and lifestyle choices, such as being underweight, unprotected sexual intercourse, and obesity. Poor mental health, while a significant health issue, is not listed among the top ten risk factors for disease as identified by WHO, which focuses more on factors directly linked to physical health conditions and their global impact.

Question 12

A program in schools aims to educate children on the risk associated with using substances such as alcohol and illicit drugs. This is an example of:
A) Health promotion
B) Secondary prevention
C) Abstinence
D) Primary prevention

Accepted Answer

Primary prevention involves measures taken to prevent the onset of illness or injury before the disease process begins, such as educating children about the risks of substance use.

Question 13

BMI stands for
A) Biological Mean Index
B) Body Mass Index
C) Body Mass Indices
D) Body Mean Index

Accepted Answer

BMI stands for Body Mass Index, which is a measure used to assess whether a person has a healthy body weight for a given height.

Question 14

According to the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyle, who are the most likely people to use condoms?
A) Young people with a regular partner
B) Young people with a recent 'new' partner
C) Adults with a recent 'new' partner
D) Young Christian men

Accepted Answer

Young people with a recent 'new' partner are the most likely to use condoms, as they may be more concerned about preventing sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and unintended pregnancies with partners they are less familiar with.

Question 15

Obesity is a major risk factor for which of the following conditions?
A) Type 1 diabetes
B) Osteoarthritis
C) Glaucoma
D) Rheumatoid arthritis

Accepted Answer

Obesity is a well-documented risk factor for osteoarthritis due to the increased mechanical stress it places on joints, particularly the knees and hips.

Question 16

According to the textbook, which health behaviour has the least amount of disability adjusted lifespan burden attributed to it?
A) Physical inactivity
B) Smoking
C) Illicit drug use
D) Alcohol use

Accepted Answer

Illicit drug use, while significant, typically has a lower disability-adjusted life year (DALY) burden compared to behaviors like smoking, alcohol use, and physical inactivity. This is because the prevalence of illicit drug use is generally lower than that of the other behaviors, and its direct impact on chronic disease and mortality is not as extensive.

Question 17

What is the world's favourite psychoactive substance?
A) Alcohol
B) Caffeine
C) Marijuana
D) Nicotine

Accepted Answer

Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive substance. It is found in coffee, tea, soft drinks, and chocolate, making it easily accessible and widely accepted across different cultures and societies.

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a key behavioural factor associated with health and longevity as part of the 'Alameda seven'?
A) Sleeping 7-8 hours
B) Eating breakfast
C) Not eating between meals
D) Daily sunscreen use

Accepted Answer

The 'Alameda Seven' are a set of health behaviors identified in the Alameda County Study as being associated with increased longevity and better health. These include sleeping 7-8 hours per night, eating breakfast, not eating between meals, regular physical activity, moderate or no alcohol consumption, not smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight. Daily sunscreen use is not part of the 'Alameda Seven'.

Question 19

Bryan et al and other research undertaken suggests that female sexual partners face additional barriers to using condoms, than those reported by males. Which of the following was not highlighted?
A) Anticipated male rejection
B) Reluctance to reduce their own pleasure
C) Difficulty/embarrassment in raising the issue
D) Lack of knowledge

Accepted Answer

The reluctance to reduce their own pleasure is not typically highlighted as a barrier for female sexual partners in using condoms. The other options (anticipated male rejection, difficulty/embarrassment in raising the issue, and lack of knowledge) are commonly cited barriers for women.

Question 20

There are many reasons why an individual may start to smoke. Which of the following has not been identified by research?
A) High self-efficacy
B) Unrealistic optimism
C) Weight control
D) Imitation of other smokers

Accepted Answer

High self-efficacy, which refers to an individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments, is generally associated with positive health behaviors and outcomes, not the initiation of harmful habits like smoking.

Quiz 3: Health-Risk Behaviour

According to Doll et al. (2004) , smoking cessation at age 30 leads to approximately _______ life years gained.

Serotonin not only appears to mediate mood, it is also responsible for:

Matarazzo provided a definition of health behaviour, what term did he give health protective behaviours?

One of the ways obtaining valid measures of health behaviour can be problematic is because:

Excessive fat and cholesterol have been implicated in several diseases. In which one of the following have they not been implicated?

The National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines for Australian alcohol consumption is:

In Australia which age group is most likely to be at risk for negative psychosocial problems caused by obesity?

Which of the following reasons do people not engage in health behaviours?

What is one of the things wrong with Kasl and Cobb's definition of health behaviour as 'any activity undertaken by a person believing themselves to be healthy for the purposes of preventing disease or detecting it at an asymptomatic stage'?

Evidence suggests that the beneficial effects of Vitamin D might reduce the prevalence of certain health problems. Which of the following is NOT listed?

The World Health Organisation identified ten leading risk factors for disease across the world. Which of the following are not included:

A program in schools aims to educate children on the risk associated with using substances such as alcohol and illicit drugs. This is an example of:

BMI stands for

According to the National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyle, who are the most likely people to use condoms?

Obesity is a major risk factor for which of the following conditions?

According to the textbook, which health behaviour has the least amount of disability adjusted lifespan burden attributed to it?

What is the world's favourite psychoactive substance?

Which of the following is NOT a key behavioural factor associated with health and longevity as part of the 'Alameda seven'?

Bryan et al and other research undertaken suggests that female sexual partners face additional barriers to using condoms, than those reported by males. Which of the following was not highlighted?

There are many reasons why an individual may start to smoke. Which of the following has not been identified by research?