Question 1

Which of the following is least likely to be successful in an attempt to quit smoking?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is least likely...

Question 2

________ strategies to smoking cessation focus on identifying those situations that lead people to smoke and then teaching people strategies to resist temptation.

Accepted Answer

Self-management strategies involve identifying triggers that lead to smoking and then teaching individuals how to manage or avoid these triggers, thereby helping them resist the temptation to smoke.

Question 3

In an attempt to quit smoking Corey has been instructed to go for a walk after dinner instead of smoking, or to chew gum whenever he has the urge to smoke a cigarette. This is an example of what type of smoking cessation strategy?

Accepted Answer

Response substitution involves replacing a negative or unwanted behavior with a positive or healthier one. In Corey's case, walking and chewing gum are being used as substitutes for smoking, which aligns with the concept of response substitution.

Question 4

The ________ uses the promise of a reward to encourage smoking cessation. This is based on the _________ conditioning approach to learning.

Accepted Answer

The contingency-contracting approach uses operant conditioning, where behaviors are modified through the use of consequences such as rewards or punishments. In this context, the promise of a reward for smoking cessation is an application of operant conditioning principles.

Question 5

Which ethnic group has the higher reported rate of alcohol consumption?

Accepted Answer

European Americans have the highest reported rate of alcohol consumption among the groups listed. This is based on various health and social surveys that measure alcohol use across different ethnic groups in the United States. Factors contributing to this include cultural norms, economic status, and social practices related to alcohol consumption.

Question 6

________ involves both psychological and physical dependence, whereas ________ involves only psychological dependence.

Accepted Answer

Alcoholism involves both psychological and physical dependence due to the body's adaptation to the presence of alcohol, requiring more to achieve the same effects and experiencing withdrawal symptoms without it. Problem drinking, however, primarily involves psychological dependence, where the individual may rely on alcohol for stress relief or social confidence but does not necessarily experience physical withdrawal symptoms.

Question 7

Alcohol use ________ the association between attitudes and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol use reduces the association between attitudes and behaviors because it impairs cognitive functions and self-control, leading to actions that may not align with one's usual attitudes.

Question 8

Which of the following terms refers to a feeling that a person in invulnerable to the dangers he or she might normally experience?

Accepted Answer

Drunken invincibility refers to the feeling that a person is invulnerable to the dangers he or she might normally experience while under the influence of alcohol.

Question 9

Based on prior research, which of these groups of people should have the lowest death rates?

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that light drinkers tend to have lower death rates compared to non-drinkers, moderate drinkers, and heavy drinkers. This is often attributed to the potential heart health benefits of consuming alcohol in moderation.

Question 10

According to ________ theory, people drink alcohol to cope with or regulate negative moods, including feelings of tension, anxiety, and nervousness.

Accepted Answer

The tension-reduction theory suggests that people consume alcohol to reduce or cope with negative moods, such as tension, anxiety, and nervousness. This theory posits that the sedative effects of alcohol can temporarily alleviate feelings of stress and emotional discomfort.

Question 11

Individuals under the influence of alcohol usually make decisions based on ________ concerns while ignoring __________ consequences of their behavior.

Accepted Answer

Alcohol impairs judgment and self-control, leading individuals to focus on immediate gratification or short-term concerns, while neglecting the potential long-term consequences of their actions.

Question 12

All of the following have been found to be associated with alcoholism EXCEPT?

Accepted Answer

High scores of control are not typically associated with alcoholism. Alcoholism is often linked with lower impulse control and difficulties in managing consumption, rather than high control over one's actions and behaviors.

Question 13

Based on research, which of the following characteristics is associated with showing the greatest benefits from Alcoholics Anonymous?

Accepted Answer

People who are highly sociable tend to show the greatest benefits from Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) participation, likely due to the social support and community aspect of the program.

Question 14

________ is sometimes given to recovering alcoholics which causes them to experience extreme nausea if they drink alcohol.

Accepted Answer

Antabuse, also known as disulfiram, is a drug that is used to support the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (drinking alcohol). If alcohol is consumed, it causes a severe and unpleasant reaction including nausea.

Question 15

These type of programs focus on helping alcoholics become aware of their expectations about the benefits of drinking, as well as the factors and situations that lead them to drink.

Accepted Answer

Cognitive-behavioral programs are designed to help individuals recognize and change their thought patterns and behaviors related to alcohol use, including understanding the triggers and perceived benefits of drinking.

Question 16

________ focuses on helping people understand their motivations for drinking, such as feeling negatively about themselves or coping with various problems in their lives.

Accepted Answer

Insight-orientated psychotherapy is designed to help individuals understand the underlying motivations and emotional conflicts that may lead to their drinking behaviors, such as negative self-perceptions or coping with life's challenges.

Question 17

According to research, who will be most successful in their attempt to quit smoking?

Accepted Answer

Martha, a medical resident, is likely to be more successful in quitting smoking due to her medical knowledge about the harmful effects of smoking and possibly having access to resources and support systems aimed at promoting health and wellness. Additionally, her professional environment may encourage a healthier lifestyle.

Question 18

According to research, who is most likely to binge drink?

Accepted Answer

Shawn, a 16 year old Irish native living in Ireland, is most likely to binge drink according to research that shows higher rates of binge drinking among teenagers in Ireland compared to the other countries mentioned.

Question 19

In a study examining the effects of alcohol, researchers randomly assigned half of the participants to drink a high dose of alcohol and the others to drink no alcohol and then read a bunch of sentences (e.g., "she cut him off in traffic") and interpret whether the actions were done intentionally or unintentionally. They found those who were drunk were more likely to:

Accepted Answer

Alcohol consumption can impair cognitive functions but also tends to reduce the ability to consider nuanced explanations, leading individuals to interpret actions more straightforwardly as intentional. This is because alcohol can affect judgment and increase the likelihood of perceiving actions as deliberate due to reduced inhibitions and a simplified processing of social cues.

Question 20

According to social learning theory who is most likely to experience problems caused by alcohol:

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory suggests that individuals learn behaviors by observing and imitating others, especially those in close relationships or with whom they identify strongly. Rory, Mickey, and Craig are all exposed to influential models (parents with alcohol problems, lenient attitudes towards alcohol, and an older brother who drinks heavily) that could lead them to develop similar behaviors and potentially experience problems caused by alcohol.

Quiz 7: Smoking and Alcohol Abuse