Question 1

A small child who has a new sibling is less likely to experience parental divorce than one who has no sibling.

Accepted Answer

A child with a sibling is less likely to experience parental divorce because the presence of another child can help to stabilize the marriage.

Question 2

With the arrival of the second child the mother's parenting style becomes more punitive

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that while parenting styles can change with the arrival of additional children, there is no consistent evidence that mothers become more punitive. Instead, adjustments in parenting styles often reflect adaptations to the unique needs and dynamics of the larger family unit.

Question 3

Small children with a content and sunny disposition react negatively to the arrival of a newborn sibling.

Accepted Answer

Small children with a content and sunny disposition are generally more adaptable and may react more positively to the arrival of a newborn sibling, as their temperament can make them more open to change and new relationships.

Question 4

Females begin their function of kin-keepers at an early age.

Accepted Answer

Females often begin their role as kin-keepers, maintaining family bonds and facilitating communication among family members, from an early age through socialization and cultural expectations.

Question 5

Sibling adults tend to have a warmer relationship with a sibling with a mental illness than with a sibling with an intellectual deficit.

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that sibling relationships can be more strained when one sibling has a mental illness compared to when one has an intellectual deficit. This is due to the unpredictable nature and potential for behavioral issues associated with many mental illnesses, which can create more stress and challenges in maintaining a warm relationship.

Question 6

The more males are valued in a culture, the greater the difference in parental treatment between boys and girls.

Accepted Answer

In cultures where males are more highly valued, there tends to be a significant difference in how parents treat boys and girls, often favoring boys in terms of resources, attention, and opportunities.

Question 7

There are very large correlations between various child outcomes and parents' socialization practices.

Accepted Answer

While there are correlations between child outcomes and parents' socialization practices, they are often not as large as one might expect. Many factors influence child outcomes, including genetics, peer influences, schooling, and broader societal factors, making the direct correlation between parenting practices and child outcomes more complex and not always very large.

Question 8

Families can provide a more powerful shared environment to their children through the process of collective socialization in a functional community.

Accepted Answer

Collective socialization refers to the process by which a community or group collectively influences the upbringing of children, providing a shared set of values, norms, and behaviors. In a functional community, families can leverage this collective influence to create a more powerful and cohesive environment for their children, enhancing their social and moral development.

Question 9

Twin studies are more valid using twins reared separately in different families as subjects than twins reared in the same family.

Accepted Answer

Twin studies involving twins reared separately are considered more valid for distinguishing the effects of genetics (nature) from those of the environment (nurture) because they minimize the shared environmental factors that could influence the traits being studied.

Question 10

Because of the power of genes and the nonshared environment, parents are largely irrelevant to their children' development.

Accepted Answer

Parents play a crucial role in their children's development through genetic contributions, shared environment, and direct interactions, influencing emotional, social, and cognitive development despite the impact of genes and nonshared environments.

Question 11

Genetics play a role in the development of the familial environment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Genetics play a role in the development...

Question 12

Collective socialization is a far more powerful agent of
socialization than isolated parental efforts at home.

Accepted Answer

Collective socialization, involving various agents such as schools, peer groups, media, and community, offers a broader range of social experiences, norms, and values, making it more influential in shaping an individual's social behaviors and attitudes than isolated parental efforts, which are limited to the family's perspectives and resources.

Question 13

External environmental forces counteracting parental influence are today far more powerful in child socialization than they were a century ago.

Accepted Answer

Today, children are exposed to a wide range of external influences such as media, technology, peers, and educational systems that have a significant impact on their socialization, often surpassing the influence of parental guidance compared to a century ago when such external forces were less pervasive.

Question 14

With the arrival of the second child,

Accepted Answer

The arrival of a second child can lead to changes in family dynamics, including the mother's parenting style toward the older child, which may become less warm due to divided attention and increased stress.

Question 15

When children are closely spaced, on average

Accepted Answer

Children who are closely spaced often compete for parental resources and attention, which can negatively impact their school achievement due to less individual focus and support from parents.

Question 16

The concept used to explain the negative effect of a large family size on children's educational achievements is that of

Accepted Answer

The concept of the dilution of parental resources explains the negative effect of a large family size on children's educational achievements by suggesting that in larger families, the resources (time, money, attention) a parent can devote to each child are spread more thinly, potentially impacting the educational outcomes of the children.

Question 17

A consequence of family size for upper-class parents is that

Accepted Answer

Upper-class parents with larger families have to divide their resources (time, money, attention) among more children, which can result in fewer resources available per child compared to smaller families. This is a common socioeconomic phenomenon observed across various cultures and societies.

Question 18

While having one or two siblings is positively related to better social skills,
Additional siblings

Accepted Answer

Having additional siblings beyond one or two does not significantly impact the development of social skills.

Question 19

The distribution of power in sibling relationships is primarily a product of

Accepted Answer

The answer of The distribution of power in sibling relationships...

Question 20

Why did multiple births increase among white women after 1972 but not among black women?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why did multiple births increase among white...

Quiz 11: Sibling Relationships and Situations