Question 1

According to Piaget, a concept or structure that exists in a person's mind to arrange and interpret information is called:

Accepted Answer

A scheme is a concept or framework that exists in a person's mind to organize and interpret information.

Question 2

Piaget's interest in schemas focused on how children do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A scheme is a concept or framework that exists in a person's mind to organize and interpret knowledge.

Question 3

According to Vygotsky, what is the technique called that means changing the level of support?

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding means changing the level of support. Over the course of a session, a teacher adjusts the amount of guidance, decreasing the guidance as the student learns.

Question 4

The sensorimotor stage, as described by Piaget, includes individuals in which of the following age groups?

Accepted Answer

The sensorimotor stage includes children from birth to 2 years.

Question 5

The concrete operational stage, as described by Piaget, includes individuals in which of the following age groups?

Accepted Answer

The concrete operational stage lasts from 7 to 11 years old.

Question 6

A child who can only perceive other people's perspectives as though they were from his or her own point of view is said to display which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism is the inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and that of someone else.

Question 7

At the symbolic function substage, a child gains the ability to do which of the following?

Accepted Answer

During the symbolic function substage, a child gains the ability to represent mentally an object that is not present.

Question 8

According to Piaget, a child is first able to sort objects into groups based on two or more characteristics when that child reaches which of the following stages?

Accepted Answer

An important concrete operation is classifying or dividing things into different sets or subsets and considering their interrelationships.

Question 9

According to Vygotsky, what is the zone of proximal development?

Accepted Answer

The ZPD refers to the range of tasks too difficult for children to master alone, but can be learned with assistance.

Question 10

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky believed that cognitive development

Accepted Answer

Vygotsky believed that language and social interactions influence a child's cognitive development.

Question 11

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) has a lower limit and an upper limit. Which of the following best describes these limits?

Accepted Answer

The lower limit of the ZPD is the level of skill reached by the child working independently. The upper limit is the level of additional responsibility the child can accept with the assistance of an able instructor, such as a teacher or peer. Teaching should begin toward the zone's upper limit, so that the child can reach the goal with help and move to a higher level of skill and knowledge.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes an example of scaffolding as used by a teacher when assisting a child?

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding means changing the level of support. Over the course of a session, a teacher adjusts the amount of guidance, decreasing the guidance as the student learns.

Question 13

Bruce is having trouble with his division problems; he can't finish them correctly on his own. However, he can complete them if his teacher gives him some hints. According to Vygotsky, why can't Bruce complete his division problems on his own?

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development refers to the range of tasks too difficult for children to master alone but that can be learned with assistance.

Question 14

Brianna is completing her reading comprehension questions. Her teacher keeps interrupting her work to check it; however, Brianna performs well on reading comprehension and can do this task without the help of her teacher. According to Vygotsky, is reading comprehension in Brianna's zone of proximal development?

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development refers to the range of tasks too difficult for children to master alone but that can be learned with assistance. Brianna does not need assistance with reading comprehension; she can perform this task alone.

Question 15

Three of the following teachers are using "scaffolding" to help their students learn. Which one is not necessarily providing scaffolding?

Accepted Answer

Scaffolding means changing the level of support. Over the course of a session, a teacher adjusts the amount of guidance, decreasing the guidance as the student learns.

Question 16

Mr. Carbona is trying to teach his kindergarten students about different animals. Henry, one of his students, explains to Mr. Carbona that he does not need to learn about lions because he has one at home. When Mr. Carbona explains to him that he must have a cat at home, Henry insists that it is a lion because it looks just like the one in the picture. According to Piaget, Henry is:

Accepted Answer

Assimilation occurs when a child incorporates new knowledge into existing knowledge; thus, children assimilate their environment into their schemes.

Question 17

Ann Marie ran into her teacher and his wife at the park. She was very surprised that he was a husband and a father. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which concept is Ann Marie having trouble with?

Accepted Answer

Classification is dividing things into different sets and subsets depending on their interrelationships.

Question 18

George thinks his teacher is joking when she tells him that she has a son who is his age. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which concept is Ann Marie having trouble with?

Accepted Answer

Classification is dividing things into different sets and subsets depending on their interrelationships.

Question 19

Louis receives a new soccer ball for his birthday. His parents notice that Louis does not try to kick the ball but instead dribbles it in the same way he dribbles his basketball. Louis's dribbling of the new ball reflects Piaget's concept of:

Accepted Answer

Assimilation occurs when a child incorporates new knowledge into existing knowledge; thus, children assimilate their environment into their schemes.

Question 20

Marcy is given her choice of two Hershey bars, one of which has been broken into four pieces, and one that is intact; Marcy chooses the broken candy bar, believing that it has more candy. According to Piaget, Marcy is having problems with what concept?

Accepted Answer

Conservation is the ability to understand that changes in appearance do not always mean changes in amount.

Quiz 2: Cognitive and Language Development

According to Piaget, a concept or structure that exists in a person's mind to arrange and interpret information is called:

Piaget's interest in schemas focused on how children do which of the following?

According to Vygotsky, what is the technique called that means changing the level of support?

The sensorimotor stage, as described by Piaget, includes individuals in which of the following age groups?

The concrete operational stage, as described by Piaget, includes individuals in which of the following age groups?

A child who can only perceive other people's perspectives as though they were from his or her own point of view is said to display which of the following?

At the symbolic function substage, a child gains the ability to do which of the following?

According to Piaget, a child is first able to sort objects into groups based on two or more characteristics when that child reaches which of the following stages?

According to Vygotsky, what is the zone of proximal development?

Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky believed that cognitive development

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development (ZPD) has a lower limit and an upper limit. Which of the following best describes these limits?

Which of the following best describes an example of scaffolding as used by a teacher when assisting a child?

Bruce is having trouble with his division problems; he can't finish them correctly on his own. However, he can complete them if his teacher gives him some hints. According to Vygotsky, why can't Bruce complete his division problems on his own?

Three of the following teachers are using "scaffolding" to help their students learn. Which one is not necessarily providing scaffolding?

Ann Marie ran into her teacher and his wife at the park. She was very surprised that he was a husband and a father. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which concept is Ann Marie having trouble with?

George thinks his teacher is joking when she tells him that she has a son who is his age. According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which concept is Ann Marie having trouble with?

Louis receives a new soccer ball for his birthday. His parents notice that Louis does not try to kick the ball but instead dribbles it in the same way he dribbles his basketball. Louis's dribbling of the new ball reflects Piaget's concept of:

Marcy is given her choice of two Hershey bars, one of which has been broken into four pieces, and one that is intact; Marcy chooses the broken candy bar, believing that it has more candy. According to Piaget, Marcy is having problems with what concept?