Question 1

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.
-The difference between one amino acid and another is:

Accepted Answer

The difference between one amino acid and another lies in the type of R-group (side chain) that it contains. This side chain determines the characteristics and properties of the amino acid.

Question 2

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.
-Proteins may function as:

Accepted Answer

Proteins are versatile molecules that play a variety of roles in the body. They can function as hormones (chemical messengers), enzymes (catalysts for biochemical reactions), structural components (providing support and shape to cells and tissues), and transport molecules (carrying substances within the organism). Therefore, all of the given options are correct roles of proteins.

Question 3

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.
-________ are the very heart of life, allowing cells to do such things as build structures, speed chemical reactions, and move.

Accepted Answer

Proteins are essential for various cellular functions, including structural support, catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes, and facilitating movement in and between cells.

Question 4

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows.
-Proteins are made up of:

Accepted Answer

Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the building blocks that link together in chains to form proteins.

Question 5

Before DNA was established as the genetic material, proteins were considered the most likely molecules to serve this role. In part this belief was based on the fact that there are 20 building blocks (20 different kinds of amino acids) for proteins versus four building blocks (four different nucleotides) for DNA. If proteins stored a code, there would be a far greater number of code words possible for a protein of a given number of amino acids than for a DNA molecule of the same number of nucleotides. For example, there are 16 different sequences (4 4) possible for a DNA two nucleotides, long and 400 (20 20) different sequences possible for a protein two amino acids long. For a sequence three nucleotides or three amino acids in length, the number of distinct DNA sequences is ________, and the number of distinct protein sequences is ________.

Accepted Answer

For a sequence three nucleotides in length, the number of distinct DNA sequences is 4^3 = 64. For a sequence three amino acids in length, the number of distinct protein sequences is 20^3 = 8,000.

Question 6

DNA is made up of:

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of nucleotides, which are the basic building blocks of DNA. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question 7

Oxygen is an organic molecule.

Accepted Answer

Oxygen is an element, not a molecule, and it does not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds, which are characteristic of organic molecules.

Question 8

Lipids with double bonds become solids at lower temperatures than do saturated fats.

Accepted Answer

Lipids with double bonds (unsaturated fats) tend to be liquid at room temperature, whereas saturated fats, which have no double bonds, are more likely to be solid.

Question 9

Some proteins function as enzymes, but others don't.

Accepted Answer

Proteins have diverse roles in biological systems, including functioning as enzymes to catalyze biochemical reactions, but not all proteins have enzymatic activity. Some serve as structural components, signaling molecules, or transporters, among other functions.

Question 10

Some proteins can be toxic.

Accepted Answer

Certain proteins, such as those produced by bacteria, plants, or animals, can be toxic to humans or other organisms, causing diseases or adverse reactions.

Question 11

Oil doesn't dissolve in water because it isn't a ________ molecule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Oil doesn't dissolve in water because it...

Question 12

ATP is an energy-carrying modified ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ATP is an energy-carrying modified ________....

Question 13

It is better to have ________ HDLs than LDLs in your blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of It is better to have ________ HDLs...

Question 14

If you boil an egg for lunch, the egg white becomes hard, white, and opaque because the protein in it has been ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you boil an egg for lunch,...

Question 15

You have a defect in catalyzing the reaction to make the amino acid tryptophan. The reason is that you lack the gene in your ________, which causes you to lack the ________ that allows you to catalyze this reaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of You have a defect in catalyzing the...

Question 16

Match column 1 with the items in column 2.
-Is composed of functional units called genes

Accepted Answer

DNA is composed of functional units called genes, which are segments of DNA that code for proteins or for functional RNA.

Question 17

Match column 1 with the items in column 2.
-A carbohydrate polymer

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides are carbohydrate polymers composed of long chains of monosaccharide units bound together by glycosidic linkages.

Question 18

Match column 1 with the items in column 2.
-Serve as cell surface receptors

Accepted Answer

Glycoproteins serve as cell surface receptors because they have carbohydrate groups attached to proteins, which are involved in cell recognition and signaling.

Question 19

Match column 1 with the items in column 2.
-May serve as either enzymes or antibodies

Accepted Answer

Globular proteins can serve as enzymes or antibodies due to their specific three-dimensional structures that allow them to bind to substrates or antigens.

Question 20

How are monomers united into polymers? Give a specific example.

Accepted Answer

The answer of How are monomers united into polymers? Give...

Quiz 3: Lifes Components: Biological Molecules

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows. -The difference between one amino acid and another is:

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows. -Proteins may function as:

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows. -________ are the very heart of life, allowing cells to do such things as build structures, speed chemical reactions, and move.

Refer to the figure above and then answer the question that follows. -Proteins are made up of:

DNA is made up of:

Oxygen is an organic molecule.

Lipids with double bonds become solids at lower temperatures than do saturated fats.

Some proteins function as enzymes, but others don't.

Some proteins can be toxic.

Oil doesn't dissolve in water because it isn't a ________ molecule.

ATP is an energy-carrying modified ________.

It is better to have ________ HDLs than LDLs in your blood.

If you boil an egg for lunch, the egg white becomes hard, white, and opaque because the protein in it has been ________.

You have a defect in catalyzing the reaction to make the amino acid tryptophan. The reason is that you lack the gene in your , which causes you to lack the that allows you to catalyze this reaction.

Match column 1 with the items in column 2. -Is composed of functional units called genes

Match column 1 with the items in column 2. -A carbohydrate polymer

Match column 1 with the items in column 2. -Serve as cell surface receptors

Match column 1 with the items in column 2. -May serve as either enzymes or antibodies

How are monomers united into polymers? Give a specific example.