Question 1

Charlotte lives in the United States.At 15 years of age,she most likely __________.
A) is in middle adolescence
B) is experiencing a period of rapid pubertal change
C) anticipates full assumption of her adult role
D) has achieved her full adult appearance

Accepted Answer

Middle adolescence typically occurs between the ages of 14-17, so at 15 years of age, Charlotte is likely in this stage of development. During middle adolescence, individuals experience continued pubertal changes and are still developing towards their full adult appearance. They also continue to prepare for their adult roles, but are not quite ready to assume them fully yet.

Question 2

G.Stanley Hall described adolescence as a __________.
A) time in which sexual impulses reawaken in the genital stage, triggering psychological conflict and volatile behavior
B) period so turbulent that it resembled the era in which humans evolved from savages into civilized beings
C) generally pleasant time of life in which the social environment is entirely responsible for the range of teenage experiences
D) time when internal stresses and social expectations prompt moments of uncertainty, self-doubt, and disappointment

Accepted Answer

G. Stanley Hall is famous for describing adolescence as a period of storm and stress, comparing it to the turbulent time in human evolution from savagery to civilized society.

Question 3

Contemporary research suggests that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence __________.
A) neglects biological influence
B) is greatly understated
C) holds true in the Western world
D) is exaggerated

Accepted Answer

Contemporary research suggests that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence is exaggerated. Studies show that the majority of adolescents do not experience extreme turmoil or crisis-like behavior. While some degree of conflict and risk-taking is common during this developmental stage, it does not necessarily lead to negative outcomes. Additionally, cultural and individual differences play a significant role in shaping adolescent behavior and experiences, further contradicting the storm-and-stress idea as a universal experience of adolescence.

Question 4

Brian is a star high school athlete who has recently exhibited severe mood swings and aggressiveness.An initial health screening indicates that Brian has acne,excess body hair,and high blood pressure.Brian's symptoms are consistent with __________.
A) delayed puberty
B) sexual maturation
C) physical self-efficacy
D) anabolic steroid use

Accepted Answer

Brian's symptoms, including mood swings, aggressiveness, acne, excess body hair, and high blood pressure, are all common side effects of anabolic steroid use. Steroid abuse can also cause impaired judgment and self-control, which may be contributing to Brian's behavioral changes. Delayed puberty or sexual maturation would not typically cause the symptoms Brian is experiencing, and physical self-efficacy would not explain his mood swings and aggressiveness.

Question 5

For boys,voice change usually takes place __________.
A) 12 to 18 months after puberty ends
B) before spermarche
C) at the peak of the growth spurt
D) before any other signs of puberty

Accepted Answer

Voice change usually takes place at the peak of the growth spurt, which typically occurs around age 13-15 for boys. This is usually one of the earlier signs of puberty for boys. A and B are incorrect because voice change usually occurs after puberty has started. D is incorrect because other signs of puberty, such as growth of pubic hair, typically occur before voice change.

Question 6

Girls and (less consistently)boys with a history of family conflict tend to reach puberty __________,whereas those with warm,stable family ties tend to reach puberty __________.
A) relatively late; early
B) on target; late
C) around the same age as their mothers; earlier than their mothers
D) early; relatively late

Accepted Answer

Girls and boys with a history of family conflict often experience stress, which can accelerate the onset of puberty, leading them to reach puberty early. Conversely, those with warm, stable family ties, which provide a supportive environment, tend to experience less stress, potentially delaying the onset of puberty, making them reach puberty relatively late.

Question 7

In industrialized nations,age of menarche __________ per decade from 1900 to 1970.
A) increased by about 1 to 2 months
B) increased by about 3 to 4 months
C) declined by about 3 to 4 months
D) declined by about 5 to 6 months

Accepted Answer

The age of menarche declined by about 3 to 4 months per decade from 1900 to 1970 in industrialized nations.

Question 8

When researchers followed a large,representative sample of U.S.youths from ages 9 to 17,they found that __________.
A) two-thirds of all students receive physical education in high school
B) daily free-time physical activity declined with age, more so for girls than boys
C) a majority of participants engaged in regular exercise outside of school hours
D) half of all students experienced a daily physical education class in high school

Accepted Answer

The researchers found that daily free-time physical activity declined with age, more so for girls than boys. None of the other answer choices are supported by the given information.

Question 9

Fourteen-year-old Phil experiences muscle growth and notices the growth of body and facial hair.Which hormone is responsible for this change?
A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) adrenal androgens
D) thyroxine

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is the male sex hormone responsible for muscle growth and the growth of body and facial hair during puberty. Estrogen is the female sex hormone and is responsible for the development of female secondary sexual characteristics. Adrenal androgens also contribute to male secondary sexual characteristic development but to a lesser extent than testosterone. Thyroxine is a thyroid hormone and is not directly involved in male sexual development.

Question 10

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic?
A) ovaries
B) pubic hair
C) scrotum
D) testes

Accepted Answer

Secondary sexual characteristics are the physical features that distinguish the sexes but are not directly related to reproduction. Pubic hair is one such characteristic, while A, C, and D are primary sexual organs directly involved in reproduction.

Question 11

Male puberty usually begins with __________.
A) growth of facial hair
B) the enlargement of the testes
C) the peak height spurt
D) spermarche

Accepted Answer

The enlargement of the testes is typically the first sign of male puberty, and it usually occurs between the ages of 9 and 14.

Question 12

During puberty,__________.
A) the cephalocaudal growth trend of infancy and childhood reverses
B) the torso accelerates first, followed by the hands, legs, and feet
C) the average child gains 20 to 35 pounds
D) girls' shoulders broaden relative to the hips

Accepted Answer

During puberty, the cephalocaudal growth trend reverses, meaning growth occurs from the extremities (hands, legs, and feet) towards the torso, which is opposite to the pattern seen in infancy and childhood.

Question 13

Dr.Parsons sees the social environment as being entirely responsible for the range of teenage experiences,from erratic and agitated to calm and stress-free.His view of adolescence best aligns with that of which researcher?
A) G. Stanley Hall
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Margaret Mead
D) Charles Darwin

Accepted Answer

Margaret Mead's research in Samoa led her to argue that the turbulence found in American teenagers was not a natural stage of human development but rather the product of cultural factors and social expectations. This aligns with Dr. Parsons' view that the social environment is entirely responsible for the range of teenage experiences.

Question 14

Which girl is the most likely to experience puberty first?
A) Melissa, who is a European-American competitive gymnast
B) Jaeda, who is an overweight, middle-SES African American
C) Salma, who lives in a poverty-stricken area of Afghanistan
D) Cherish, who is an underweight, low-SES European American

Accepted Answer

Jaeda is the most likely to experience puberty first because being overweight can lead to earlier onset of puberty, and African American girls tend to start puberty earlier than girls from other ethnic backgrounds.

Question 15

In most tribal and village societies,__________.
A) adolescence is divided into three phases: early, middle, and late adolescence
B) young people face postponement of sexual gratification while they prepare for a productive work life
C) adolescence is only a brief intervening phase between childhood and full assumption of adult roles
D) adolescence is extended because young people face prolonged dependence on parents

Accepted Answer

In most tribal and village societies, adolescence is viewed as a brief intervening period between childhood and full assumption of adult roles. Adolescents are expected to undergo specific rituals and ceremonies to mark their transition into adulthood, after which they are expected to take on adult responsibilities and engage in productive work. There is typically no prolonged dependence on parents, as young people are expected to contribute to the community's survival from an early age. Sexual behavior may vary among different societies, but it is often integrated into cultural practices and expectations.

Question 16

The first outward sign of puberty is __________.
A) steady improvement in gross-motor performance
B) extreme moodiness, particularly toward adults
C) changes in physical features related to sexual functioning
D) the rapid gain in height and weight known as the growth spurt

Accepted Answer

The first outward sign of puberty is typically the growth spurt, which is a rapid gain in height and weight.

Question 17

Today,we know that __________.
A) the overall rate of serious psychological disturbance rises greatly from childhood to adolescence
B) biological, psychological, and social forces combine to influence adolescent development
C) adolescence is an untroubled time of life, perhaps the pleasantest time a girl or boy will ever know
D) the length of adolescence and its demands and pressures vary little among cultures

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that adolescence is a period when biological, psychological, and social forces have a significant impact on development. It is a time of change and transition, with unique challenges and opportunities for growth. A is incorrect because although some psychological disturbances may increase during adolescence, the overall rate does not necessarily rise greatly. C is incorrect because while adolescence can be a pleasant time, it is also a time of challenges and stress. D is incorrect because the length and demands of adolescence do vary among cultures.

Question 18

Which statement about sex differences in adolescence is true?
A) Girls' legs are longer than boys' in relation to the rest of the body.
B) Boys start to add fat on their arms, legs, and trunk.
C) The number of red blood cells increases in boys but not in girls.
D) By midadolescence, most girls perform better than the average boy in running speed.

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, boys experience an increase in the number of red blood cells, which contributes to their greater muscle mass and physical endurance compared to girls. This is part of the physiological changes associated with puberty and is not observed in girls to the same extent.

Question 19

Since 1972,high school __________.
A) girls' sports participation has increased
B) boys' sports participation has fallen short of girls'
C) girls get more encouragement in sports than boys
D) girls get more recognition for athletic achievement than boys

Accepted Answer

According to the information given, the only statement that can be confirmed is that high school girls' sports participation has increased since 1972. There is no information provided to support choices B, C, or D.

Question 20

Female puberty usually concludes with __________.
A) the peak height spurt
B) menarche
C) the peak weight spurt
D) the completion of breast growth

Accepted Answer

The completion of breast growth typically marks the end of female puberty, as it is one of the last physical changes to occur.

Quiz 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence

Charlotte lives in the United States.At 15 years of age,she most likely __________.

G.Stanley Hall described adolescence as a __________.

Contemporary research suggests that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence __________.

Brian is a star high school athlete who has recently exhibited severe mood swings and aggressiveness.An initial health screening indicates that Brian has acne,excess body hair,and high blood pressure.Brian's symptoms are consistent with __________.

For boys,voice change usually takes place __________.

Girls and (less consistently) boys with a history of family conflict tend to reach puberty ,whereas those with warm,stable family ties tend to reach puberty .

In industrialized nations,age of menarche __________ per decade from 1900 to 1970.

When researchers followed a large,representative sample of U.S.youths from ages 9 to 17,they found that __________.

Fourteen-year-old Phil experiences muscle growth and notices the growth of body and facial hair.Which hormone is responsible for this change?

Which of the following is a secondary sexual characteristic?

Male puberty usually begins with __________.

During puberty,__________.

Dr.Parsons sees the social environment as being entirely responsible for the range of teenage experiences,from erratic and agitated to calm and stress-free.His view of adolescence best aligns with that of which researcher?

Which girl is the most likely to experience puberty first?

In most tribal and village societies,__________.

The first outward sign of puberty is __________.

Today,we know that __________.

Which statement about sex differences in adolescence is true?

Since 1972,high school __________.

Female puberty usually concludes with __________.