Question 1

Recent statistics reveal that nearly __________ percent of high school students in the United States do not graduate.

Accepted Answer

Almost 20 percent of high school students in the United States do not graduate.

Question 2

Middle- and high-SES (socioeconomic status) students, on average, earn __________ grades, score __________ on standardized tests of achievement, and complete more years of schooling than students from lower-SES homes.

Accepted Answer

Middle- and high-SES students, on average, earn higher grades, score higher on standardized tests of achievement, and complete more years of schooling than students from lower-SES homes.

Question 3

Sixteen-year-old Jose lives in a government housing project with his mother, father, brother, and two sisters. He shares his room with his brother and attends the school in the low-SES (socioeconomic status) area of the city. Jose's home does not have a computer, and it has very few books. His mother does not speak English, and his father did not complete high school. Jose is likely to face __________ due to his environmental factors.

Accepted Answer

Children living in poverty lack many of the advantages of higher-SES children. Their disadvantages include having inadequate nutrition and health, living in crowded conditions, attending inadequate schools, and living in homes that lack books and computers.

Question 4

Data on school achievement indicates that, on average, __________ and __________ tend to score lower on standardized tests of achievement.

Accepted Answer

Children living in poverty lack many of the advantages of higher SES children. Their disadvantages include inadequate nutrition and health, living in crowded conditions, attending inadequate schools, and living in homes that lack books and computers.

Question 5

African American and Hispanic students tend to perform at lower levels and receive lower grades. Because more African American and Hispanic families live in poverty, it may be that their __________ is reflected in their school performance.

Accepted Answer

When examining ethnic differences in school achievement, the SES (socioeconomic status) is found to be a predictor of academic achievement. Therefore, because a higher proportion of African American and Hispanic students live in poverty, their economic disadvantage may be reflected in their school performance.

Question 6

Misha is the son of Persian immigrants who decides to become an American citizen. Anthropologist John Ogbu would argue that Misha is more likely to be __________ in school than someone who was brought into a new culture against his or her will.

Accepted Answer

Ogbu suggests that members of minority groups who enter a new culture voluntarily are more likely to be successful in school than those who are brought into a new culture against their will.

Question 7

Students whose parents were subject to involuntary immigration may do __________ in school compared to children of the same ethnicity whose parents voluntarily relocated.

Accepted Answer

Anthropologist John Ogbu suggests that involuntary immigration might be related to students' motivation to succeed and do well in school.

Question 8

What is one downside to working a job during high school?

Accepted Answer

There are significant drawbacks to work for students. Many jobs available to adolescents are high on drudgery and low on transferable skills. It may also prevent students from participating in extracurricular activities and the higher the number of hours students work the less well they do academically.

Question 9

When the primary orientation is on part-time jobs, adolescents tend to __________.

Accepted Answer

Some students who work a greater number of hours are more psychologically invested in their work than in high school; this investment is referred to as the primary orientation model. The motivation to do well in school is therefore lower.

Question 10

An unusually early entry into the workforce is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

Pseudomaturity involves an unusually early entry into adult roles before an adolescent is developmentally ready to assume them.

Question 11

Brian is a sophomore and works all of the hours his employer will let him. He is the first person in when called take an extra shift. At home there are many stressors, including a houseful of siblings and parents who are overworked and struggling to make ends meet. Brian may be experiencing __________.

Accepted Answer

Pseudomaturity involves an unusually early entry into adult roles before an adolescent is ready to assume them. This may present some adolescents with a desirable escape from their current roles and sources of stress and provide them with great satisfaction.

Question 12

Approximately __________ percent of recent high school graduates are enrolled in colleges and universities.

Accepted Answer

About two-thirds of recent high school graduates are enrolled in colleges and universities.

Question 13

Significantly more __________ than __________ started college after graduating from high school.

Accepted Answer

More female graduates (71 percent) than male graduates (61 percent) started college.

Question 14

Less than __________ percent of those who start college finish four years later with a degree.

Accepted Answer

Less than 40 percent of those who start college finish four years later with a degree.

Question 15

Recent statistics show that the dropout rate for __________ is 82 percent.

Accepted Answer

About 82 percent of Native Americans drop out of college prior to graduation.

Question 16

Classes in education and the social sciences typically have a larger proportion of __________, and classes in engineering, the physical sciences, and mathematics tend to have more __________.

Accepted Answer

Classes in education and the social sciences typically have a larger proportion of women than men; and classes in engineering, the physical sciences, and mathematics tend to have more men than women.

Question 17

When women in their first year of college are asked to name a likely career choice, they are __________ apt to choose careers that have traditionally been dominated by men.

Accepted Answer

When women in their first year of college are asked to name a likely career choice, they are much less apt to choose careers that have traditionally been dominated by men and more likely to choose professions that have traditionally been populated by women.

Question 18

Professors may call on __________ in class more frequently than __________.

Accepted Answer

Although often unintentional, professors may call on men in class more frequently than on women.

Question 19

Joann graduated from Texas Women's University as a pre-med or biology major. Her likely success as a graduate of a woman's college is __________ it is for graduates of coeducational institutions.

Accepted Answer

Evidence shows that the rate of participation and ultimately the success of women in the sciences is greater for graduates of women's colleges than for graduates of coeducational institutions.

Question 20

Rosie is struggling in her math and science courses. Rosie may have a lack of personal identification with these disciplines. Psychologist Claude Steel calls this__________.

Accepted Answer

Academic disidentification is a lack of personal identification with an academic domain.

Quiz 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence