Question 1

The growth of big data techniques has expanded the use of which decision-making approach?
A) Administrative
B) Classical
C) Intuitive
D) Political
E) Bureaucratic

Accepted Answer

The answer of The growth of big data techniques has...

Question 2

Rodney doesn't always realize that within his role as an air traffic controller, he must continuously perceive and process information based on knowledge and past experience that he is not consciously aware of. This describes which of the following?
A) Evidence-based decision making
B) Bounded rationality
C) Satisficing
D) Rationaldecision making
E) Intuitivedecision making

Accepted Answer

Rodney's behavior fits the description of intuitive decision making, where decisions are made based on unconscious knowledge and experience rather than a rational, conscious analysis of information.

Question 3

Melissa is a manager at InStylez Clothing. Her job is very complex, and she feels that she does not have enough time to identify and/or process all of the information she needs to make decisions. Melissa's situation is most consistent with which of the following concepts?
A) Bounded rationality
B) The classical model of decision making
C) Satisficing
D) Brainstorming
E) Intuition

Accepted Answer

Bounded rationality refers to the limitations faced by individuals when making decisions due to the complexity of the environment, time constraints, and limited cognitive ability. Melissa's situation is consistent with this concept as she feels that she does not have enough time to process all the information and make the best decision.

Question 4

The classical model of decision making is considered to be __________, which means that it defines how a decision maker should make decisions, whereas the administrative model of decision making is considered to be __________, meaning that it describes how managers actually make decisions in complex situations rather than dictating how they should make decisions according to a theoretical ideal.
A) normative; descriptive
B) normative; prescriptive
C) descriptive; normative
D) descriptive; prescriptive
E) analytic; normative

Accepted Answer

The answer of The classical model of decision making is...

Question 5

Which of the following is a characteristic of the political model of decision making?
A) Vague problems and goals
B) Limited information about alternatives and their outcomes
C) Rational choice by individual for maximizing outcomes
D) Condition of certainty
E) Bargaining and discussion among coalition members

Accepted Answer

The political model of decision making involves bargaining and discussion among coalition members to achieve their objectives. It assumes that goals are often vague, and there is limited information about alternatives and outcomes. The decision is typically made through bargaining and negotiation between individuals and groups with different interests and preferences. There is also a condition of uncertainty in this model. Hence, option E is the correct choice.

Question 6

The essence of __________ is to choose the first solution alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria.
A) bounded rationality
B) creativity
C) decision maximization
D) satisficing
E) the classical model of decision making

Accepted Answer

The description matches the concept of "satisficing," which involves selecting the first option that meets minimum requirements or standards, rather than attempting to find the best possible solution available. Satisficing is often used in situations where time or other resources are limited, or when the costs of seeking out additional alternatives outweigh the potential benefits.

Question 7

Numerous studies have found that effective managers use a combination of __________ and __________ in making complex decisions under time pressure.
A) intuition; satisficing
B) satisficing; rational analysis
C) satisficing; brainstorming
D) rational analysis; intuition
E) rational analysis; brainstorming

Accepted Answer

Effective managers use both rational analysis and intuition in making complex decisions under time pressure. Rational analysis involves a step-by-step process of gathering information, analyzing data, and considering possible outcomes before making a decision. However, intuition is also important as it allows managers to use their experience, knowledge, and instincts to make quick and effective decisions when time is limited. Therefore, the best choice is D as it includes both rational analysis and intuition.

Question 8

The concept that people have the time and ability to process only a limited amount of information with which to make decisions is known as:
A) satisficing.
B) bounded rationality.
C) the classical model of decision making.
D) the normative approach.
E) intuition.

Accepted Answer

Bounded rationality is the concept that people have limited time and cognitive resources to make decisions, and therefore can only process a certain amount of information. Satisficing refers to settling for a satisfactory option instead of the optimal one, while the classical model and normative approach are specific decision-making models. Intuition is a separate concept that refers to making decisions based on instinct or feelings.

Question 9

Which model of decision making is associated with satisficing, bounded rationality, and uncertainty?
A) Classical
B) Administrative
C) Quantitative
D) Rational
E) Political

Accepted Answer

The administrative model of decision making acknowledges that decision makers have limited information, cognitive abilities, and processing time, which results in satisficing (settling for a satisfactory but not optimal solution) and bounded rationality (making decisions based on limited information and cognitive abilities). Additionally, uncertainty is a common feature of decision making under the administrative model.

Question 10

The __________ model of decision making is most useful when applied to __________ decisions.
A) administrative; programmed
B) classical; nonprogrammed
C) classical; programmed
D) classical; ambiguous
E) administrative; structured

Accepted Answer

The classical model of decision making is most useful when applied to programmed decisions, which are repetitive and routine decisions that can be made with standard rules and procedures. The administrative model, on the other hand, is more useful for nonprogrammed decisions, which are less structured and involve uncertainty and ambiguity. Option A is incorrect because administrative models are not useful for structured decisions. Option B is incorrect because the classical model is not useful for nonprogrammed decisions. Option D is incorrect because the classical model is not useful for ambiguous decisions. Option E is also incorrect because it suggests that the administrative model is useful for structured decisions, which is not the case.

Question 11

Which approach defines how a decision maker should make decisions?
A) Normative
B) Scientific
C) Descriptive
D) Reflective
E) Humanistic

Accepted Answer

The normative approach defines how a decision maker should make decisions based on the values and beliefs of society. It seeks to establish an ideal method of decision making that takes into account ethical considerations, individual preferences, and rationality. This approach is often used in ethical or moral decision making, and it is concerned with what ought to be done, rather than what is actually done.

Question 12

Which of the following is not an assumption of the administrative decision making model?
A) Decisions goals often are vague, conflicting, and lack consensus among managers.
B) Information is ambiguous and complete.
C) When rational procedures are used, they are confined to a simplistic view of the problem that does not capture the complexity of real organizational events.
D) Managers often are unaware of problems or opportunities that exist in the organization.
E) Managers' searches for alternatives are limited because of human, information, and resource constraints.

Accepted Answer

The assumption that information is complete and unambiguous is not a characteristic of the administrative decision making model. The model recognizes that information is often incomplete and ambiguous, which adds to the complexity of decision making.

Question 13

The __________ model of decision making is useful for making nonprogrammed decisions when conditions are uncertain, information is limited, and there are manager conflicts about what goals to pursue or what course of action to take.
A) classical
B) functional
C) bureaucratic
D) political
E) administrative

Accepted Answer

The political model is best suited for making nonprogrammed decisions in uncertain conditions with limited information and conflicting goals among managers. This model considers individual goals, power, and coalitions among stakeholders in decision-making. In this model, the decision-making process can be influenced by negotiations, bargaining, and lobbying.

Question 14

The administrative model of decision making assures that most managers settle for a __________ rather than a __________ solution.
A) minimizing; maximizing
B) satisficing; maximizing
C) top-level; bottom-line
D) maximizing; satisficing
E) challenging; simple

Accepted Answer

The administrative model of decision making proposes that managers tend to seek satisfactory rather than optimal solutions, settling for a solution that is "good enough" rather than investing additional time and resources to search for the best possible outcome. Therefore, the correct answer is B - satisficing; maximizing.

Question 15

Jefferson Inc. is an information technology consulting firm located in Washington D.C. Decisions at Jefferson are complex and involve many people, with a significant amount of disagreement and conflict. Which decision-making model fits best for this organization?
A) Political
B) Functional
C) Classical
D) Administrative
E) Bureaucratic

Accepted Answer

The political decision-making model is best suited for an organization like Jefferson Inc. where there are complex decisions that involve many people and significant amounts of disagreement and conflict. This model focuses on bargaining and negotiation among different stakeholders, allowing for input from various perspectives and interests. The political model also takes into account power dynamics and different levels of influence, which are likely to be present in a consulting firm such as Jefferson.

Question 16

Which of the following is an assumption of the administrative model of decision making?
A) Most managers strive for a maximizing rather than settling for a satisficing solution.
B) Managers' searches for alternatives are unlimited.
C) Managers often are unaware of problems or opportunities that exist in the organization.
D) Rational procedures are always used.
E) None of these

Accepted Answer

The administrative model assumes that managers often have limited information and are unaware of all problems and opportunities within the organization. It also assumes that managers tend to settle for a satisficing solution rather than striving for a maximizing solution, and that their search for alternatives is bounded rather than unlimited. The model also recognizes that managers do not always use rational decision-making procedures.

Question 17

Which of the following is an assumption of the political model of decision making?
A) Organizations are made up of groups with diverse interests, goals, and values.
B) Information is clear and complete.
C) Managers do not have the time, resources, or mental capacity to identify all dimensions of the problem and process all relevant information.
D) Managers engage in the push and pull of debate to decide goals and discuss alternatives.
E) All of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is an assumption...

Question 18

All of the following are assumptions of the classical decision-making model except:
A) all alternatives and the potential results of each are calculated.
B) the decision maker operates to accomplish goals that are known and agreed on.
C) the decision maker is rational and uses logic to assign values, order preferences, evaluate alternatives, and make the decision that will maximize the attainment of organizational goals.
D) decision goals often are vague, conflicting, and lack consensus among managers.
E) criteria for evaluating alternatives are known.

Accepted Answer

The classical decision-making model assumes that decision goals are clear and agreed upon, which contradicts option D.

Question 19

Which of the following is the process of forming alliances among managers?
A) Networking
B) Socializing
C) Coalition building
D) Satisficing
E) Passing the buck

Accepted Answer

Coalition building is the process of forming alliances among managers to achieve mutual goals. Networking and socializing may involve building relationships, but they may not necessarily lead to the formation of alliances. Satisficing is a decision-making strategy where managers choose a solution that is satisfactory, but not necessarily optimal. Passing the buck is the act of shifting responsibility to others.

Question 20

The __________ model of decision making describes how managers actually makes decisions in situations characterized by nonprogrammed decisions, uncertainty, and ambiguity.
A) normative
B) classical
C) administrative
D) scientific management
E) objective

Accepted Answer

The administrative model of decision making is focused on how managers actually make decisions in real-world situations, often involving ambiguity and uncertainty. It recognizes that managers may not have access to all the information or resources they need, and that decisions may not always be rational or optimal. The normative model, in contrast, describes how decisions should be made based on logic and rationality, while the classical model emphasizes the use of systematic analysis and scientific methods. The scientific management approach is focused on improving efficiency and productivity through the application of scientific principles and methods. The objective model is not a recognized model of decision making.

Quiz 9: Managerial Decision Making

The growth of big data techniques has expanded the use of which decision-making approach?

Rodney doesn't always realize that within his role as an air traffic controller, he must continuously perceive and process information based on knowledge and past experience that he is not consciously aware of. This describes which of the following?

Melissa is a manager at InStylez Clothing. Her job is very complex, and she feels that she does not have enough time to identify and/or process all of the information she needs to make decisions. Melissa's situation is most consistent with which of the following concepts?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the political model of decision making?

The essence of __________ is to choose the first solution alternative that satisfies minimal decision criteria.

Numerous studies have found that effective managers use a combination of and in making complex decisions under time pressure.

The concept that people have the time and ability to process only a limited amount of information with which to make decisions is known as:

Which model of decision making is associated with satisficing, bounded rationality, and uncertainty?

The model of decision making is most useful when applied to decisions.

Which approach defines how a decision maker should make decisions?

Which of the following is not an assumption of the administrative decision making model?

The __________ model of decision making is useful for making nonprogrammed decisions when conditions are uncertain, information is limited, and there are manager conflicts about what goals to pursue or what course of action to take.

The administrative model of decision making assures that most managers settle for a rather than a solution.

Jefferson Inc. is an information technology consulting firm located in Washington D.C. Decisions at Jefferson are complex and involve many people, with a significant amount of disagreement and conflict. Which decision-making model fits best for this organization?

Which of the following is an assumption of the administrative model of decision making?

Which of the following is an assumption of the political model of decision making?

All of the following are assumptions of the classical decision-making model except:

Which of the following is the process of forming alliances among managers?

The __________ model of decision making describes how managers actually makes decisions in situations characterized by nonprogrammed decisions, uncertainty, and ambiguity.