Question 1

Bowlby's attachment theory emphasized which of the following two types of thinking?
A) Evolutionary, psychoanalytic
B) Psychoanalytic, cognitive
C) Evolutionary, behavioral
D) Cognitive, behavioral

Accepted Answer

Bowlby's attachment theory is grounded in both evolutionary and psychoanalytic thinking. He believed that attachment behaviors are both a result of evolutionary processes, ensuring survival, and influenced by the child's early interactions with their primary caregiver, a concept rooted in psychoanalytic theory.

Question 2

Which of the following developmental phases of parent-child attachment is most closely linked to parental responsiveness to infant crying?
A) Indiscriminant social responsiveness
B) Discriminating sociability
C) Discriminant proximity maintenance
D) Goal-corrected partnership

Accepted Answer

Indiscriminate social responsiveness is the phase where infants respond equally to any caregiver. Parental responsiveness to infant crying during this phase is crucial for developing a secure attachment, as it helps the infant learn that their needs will be met.

Question 3

According to Bowlby, infant crying and smiling are examples of:
A) Potent attachment behaviors
B) Aversive attachment stimuli
C) Regressive attachment mechanisms
D) Discriminating attachment patterns

Accepted Answer

Infant crying and smiling are considered potent attachment behaviors according to Bowlby. These behaviors are designed to attract the caregiver's attention and promote closeness and care, thus enhancing the bond between the infant and the caregiver.

Question 4

According to Bowlby, separation protest appears during which phase of parent-child attachment?
A) Phase 3
B) Phase 1
C) Phase 2
D) Phase 4

Accepted Answer

Separation protest is characteristic of Phase 3 in Bowlby's attachment theory, which is the "Clear-Cut Attachment Phase" occurring roughly from 6 months to 3 years, where infants show strong attachment to a caregiver and distress upon separation.

Question 5

Which of the following phases of attachment typically appears after 24 months of age?
A) Phase 4
B) Phase 1
C) Phase 2
D) Phase 3

Accepted Answer

Phase 4 of attachment, known as the formation of reciprocal relationships, typically begins after 24 months of age. This phase is characterized by children beginning to understand their parents' feelings, goals, and motives, which helps them to manage separation from and reunion with their parents more effectively.

Question 6

According to Ainsworth, infants should be able to use _____ as secure bases from which to explore _____:
A) Attachment figures; novel environments
B) Strangers; novel environments
C) Attachment figures; familiar situations
D) Strangers; familiar situations

Accepted Answer

Ainsworth's attachment theory posits that infants use attachment figures (such as parents or primary caregivers) as secure bases from which they feel comfortable exploring new or novel environments. This concept emphasizes the importance of a strong, secure attachment for healthy development and exploration.

Question 7

Which attachment pattern has been shown to account for about 20% of American research samples using the Strange Situation?
A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Accepted Answer

Type A, or the avoidant attachment pattern, accounts for about 20% of the American samples in research using the Strange Situation, a procedure developed by Mary Ainsworth to observe attachment relationships between a caregiver and children.

Question 8

Which of the following has NOT been found to be typical of infants with secure attachment patterns?
A) They tend to score higher on tests of cognitive ability in middle childhood
B) They play more cooperatively when interacting with friendly strangers or peers
C) They have superior problem-solving abilities in stressful and challenging contexts as preschoolers
D) They tend to be appear more socially competent and independent when they enter preschool

Accepted Answer

Research on attachment patterns, particularly those stemming from the work of Ainsworth and Bowlby, has not conclusively linked secure attachment directly to higher cognitive abilities in middle childhood. Secure attachment is more closely associated with social and emotional outcomes, such as cooperative play, problem-solving in challenging contexts, and social competence and independence, rather than cognitive test scores.

Question 9

Studies suggest that infant-mother attachments have _____ predictive power than infant-father attachments:
A) Greater and more consistent
B) Greater but less consistent
C) The same
D) Less

Accepted Answer

Studies indicate that infant-mother attachments tend to have greater and more consistent predictive power for future child outcomes compared to infant-father attachments. This is largely due to the traditionally more constant and nurturing role mothers often play in early child development.

Question 10

One-year-old children who are securely attached have been found to be more likely to:
A) Pass false belief tasks at age four
B) Rely upon siblings to solve false belief tasks
C) Treat peers as equals
D) Engage in joint-attention behaviors with adults

Accepted Answer

Securely attached children are more likely to pass false belief tasks at age four because they have a strong sense of self and are able to understand the perspectives of others.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT one of Baumrind's parenting styles?
A) Neglectful
B) Authoritative
C) Permissive
D) Nonconformist

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is NOT one...

Question 12

According to Baumrind, _____ parents strive to inculcate a value system characterized by conformity to cultural and societal norms by balancing the use of both reasoning and punishment:
A) Authoritative
B) Authoritarian
C) Nonconformist
D) Overbearing

Accepted Answer

Baumrind's authoritative parenting style is characterized by a balance between demandingness and responsiveness. Authoritative parents use reasoning and sometimes punishment to guide their children, aiming to instill a sense of responsibility and conformity to societal norms, while also supporting their children's independence and individuality.

Question 13

Children's conceptions of attachment figures reflected in their interactions and in the feedback they receive from their parents are known as:
A) Internal working models
B) Superego
C) Object relations
D) Secure bases

Accepted Answer

Internal working models are cognitive frameworks comprising mental representations for understanding the world, self, and others. In the context of attachment theory, they are developed in childhood based on interactions and feedback from attachment figures, primarily parents, influencing expectations and behaviors in relationships.

Question 14

Large-scale surveys show that the vast majority of adolescents:
A) Rely on their parents for advice, support, and emotional intimacy
B) Experience significant conflict with one or both parents during the teenage years
C) Tend to seek advice from peers concerning how to deal with family conflict
D) Discuss their worries with a grandparent rather than their parents

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that most adolescents still rely on their parents for advice, support, and emotional intimacy, despite the common stereotype of teenage rebellion and conflict.

Quiz 6: The Role of Parentchild Relationships in Child Development

Bowlby's attachment theory emphasized which of the following two types of thinking?

Which of the following developmental phases of parent-child attachment is most closely linked to parental responsiveness to infant crying?

According to Bowlby, infant crying and smiling are examples of:

According to Bowlby, separation protest appears during which phase of parent-child attachment?

Which of the following phases of attachment typically appears after 24 months of age?

According to Ainsworth, infants should be able to use _ as secure bases from which to explore _:

Which attachment pattern has been shown to account for about 20% of American research samples using the Strange Situation?

Which of the following has NOT been found to be typical of infants with secure attachment patterns?

Studies suggest that infant-mother attachments have _____ predictive power than infant-father attachments:

One-year-old children who are securely attached have been found to be more likely to:

Which of the following is NOT one of Baumrind's parenting styles?

According to Baumrind, _____ parents strive to inculcate a value system characterized by conformity to cultural and societal norms by balancing the use of both reasoning and punishment:

Children's conceptions of attachment figures reflected in their interactions and in the feedback they receive from their parents are known as:

Large-scale surveys show that the vast majority of adolescents: