Question 1

In dynamic designs, behavior immediately following the change in level can be observed to determine what has been called behavioral dynamics.

Accepted Answer

Behavioral dynamics in dynamic designs refer to the observation of behavior changes immediately after a level change, allowing for analysis of the effects of the change.

Question 2

Dynamic designs provide the discrete values of an independent variable that serve to distinguish the baseline and intervention phases of baseline designs.

Accepted Answer

Dynamic designs involve continuous manipulation of independent variables, not discrete values, to observe changes in the dependent variable over time.

Question 3

Both the baseline and the discrete trials designs focus on group behavior rather than the behavior of an individual participant.

Accepted Answer

Baseline and discrete trials designs focus on individual behavior, analyzing changes in response to interventions or conditions for a single participant rather than a group.

Question 4

Those who advocate applying inferential statistics to data from single-subject designs use them as a substitute for control over variables and replication.

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics in single-subject designs are not a substitute for control over variables and replication; they are used to analyze data and make inferences about the effects observed in the study. Control and replication are still important aspects of experimental design.

Question 5

It is a cardinal sin to apply inferential statistics to data from single-subject designs.

Accepted Answer

Inferential statistics can be applied to single-subject designs, but it requires careful consideration of the assumptions and limitations of the statistical methods used.

Question 6

A disadvantage of single-subject designs is that the design is inappropriate for many research applications.

Accepted Answer

Single-subject designs are often limited in generalizability and may not be suitable for research requiring large sample sizes or group comparisons.

Question 7

In the single-subject approach, an intensive investigation of the behavior of a single subject is advantageous because the long observational period often reveals nuances of behavior that might be missed in a short-term design.

Accepted Answer

The single-subject approach allows for detailed observation over time, capturing subtle changes and patterns in behavior that shorter studies might overlook.

Question 8

Discuss the history of single-subject designs.

Accepted Answer

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Question 9

List the characteristics of the single-subject baseline design. Identify its key features, and explain how these features are used in research.

Accepted Answer

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Question 10

Compare and contrast the group approach and the single-subject approach.

Accepted Answer

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Question 11

Design an ABAB experiment to show the effect of a treatment (for example, reinforcement or punishment) on behavior. Clearly label each phase, and indicate why each phase is included. Also, show a graph of the expected results if your treatment were effective.

Accepted Answer

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Question 12

List the problems researchers are most likely to deal with in baseline designs in addition to excessive uncontrolled variability. Describe their causes and ways to handle them.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Design a multiple-baseline experiment on reducing bad habits. Clearly label each phase, and indicate why each phase is included. Also, show a graph of the expected results if your treatment were effective.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

In a changing criterion design, is it ever necessary to reduce an initially set criterion once it has been achieved by a subject? Explain.

Accepted Answer

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Question 15

What is behavioral dynamics? How does it differ from an approach that looks only at steady-state behavior?

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Give an example of a dynamic design.

Accepted Answer

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Question 17

Compare and contrast the discrete trials and the baseline designs.

Accepted Answer

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Question 18

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using single-subject designs.

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 12: Using Single-Subject Designs