Question 1

When people see Bronwyn's red hair, they assume she is high-strung, temperamental, and of Irish descent. What do these assumptions illustrate?

Accepted Answer

These assumptions illustrate a stereotype, which is a generalized belief or expectation about a group of people, in this case, based on hair color and perceived ethnicity.

Question 2

What is one of the best antidotes for prejudice?

Accepted Answer

Equal-status contact between groups can reduce prejudice by promoting understanding and cooperation, breaking down stereotypes and fostering empathy.

Question 3

A technique to promote cooperation involves students working together in small, diverse groups on a mutual project. What is this called?

Accepted Answer

Achieving a superordinate goal involves individuals working together towards a common objective, which promotes cooperation and teamwork.

Question 4

What do we call physical or verbal behaviour intended to hurt someone?

Accepted Answer

Aggression is the term used to describe physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt someone.

Question 5

Whenever Connie's boyfriend angers her, she tries to hurt him by flattening his car tires and writing graffiti on his car. What does Connie's behaviour illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Connie's behavior illustrates aggression as she is intentionally trying to harm her boyfriend's property in response to being angered.

Question 6

Who proposed the concept of a "killer instinct"?

Accepted Answer

Konrad Lorenz, an ethologist, proposed the concept of a "killer instinct" as part of his studies on aggression and behavior in animals.

Question 7

One consequence of seeing aggression portrayed on TV is a decrease in holding back from reacting physically. What is this lack of restraint called?

Accepted Answer

Disinhibition refers to the reduction in restraint or inhibition that can occur after exposure to aggressive behavior, such as that portrayed on TV, leading individuals to act more aggressively themselves.

Question 8

Although Bill was in a hurry when he saw an old man lying on the sidewalk in pain, he was thinking about offering help. However, he looked at the other people around and decided that someone else would surely help the man, and he continued walking. What does Bill's reaction illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Bill's reaction illustrates the diffusion of responsibility, where individuals are less likely to take action or feel a sense of responsibility when others are present, assuming someone else will intervene.

Question 9

What is the main difference between obedience and compliance?

Accepted Answer

Obedience involves following orders from an authority figure, often due to perceived consequences of not obeying, whereas compliance is more about going along with requests or norms without the presence of an authority figure.

Question 10

What is predicted by research on the bystander effect about the probability of receiving needed help?

Accepted Answer

Research on the bystander effect suggests that as the size of the group increases, the likelihood of any one person offering help decreases due to diffusion of responsibility.

Question 11

A group of six university students observe a fellow student stumble and fall down a flight of stairs. No one goes to check to see if the student needs help. Which of the following statements best illustrates diffusion of responsibility?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of responsibility occurs when individuals in a group are less likely to take action because they assume someone else will do so.

Question 12

"Look, Officer, I didn't see the stop sign back there because the sun was in my eyes." The police officer responds, "You were not paying attention." How would a social psychologist describe this situation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of "Look, Officer, I didn't see the stop...

Question 13

The branch of psychology that studies how people think, feel, and behave in social situations is called
 ___________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The branch of psychology that studies how...

Question 14

The study of how behaviour is motivated by the desire to gain social acceptance and approval is a component of ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study of how behaviour is motivated...

Question 15

The unpleasant state that can occur when people become aware of inconsistencies between their attitudes or between their attitudes and behaviour is known as ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The unpleasant state that can occur when...

Question 16

The tendency to overemphasize internal causes and underemphasize external factors when explaining the behaviour of others is known as the ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The tendency to overemphasize internal causes and...

Question 17

The phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present, the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress is known as the  ____________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The phenomenon in which the greater the...

Question 18

Nguyen receives a large bonus from his company. Later that day at the grocery store, he sees a charitable donation box. According to the textbook, it is quite probable that Nguyen ____________________ make a donation.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Nguyen receives a large bonus from his...

Question 19

The factors that will increase the likelihood of a(n) ____________________ helping another are whether or not he or she is feeling guilty, feeling happy, or seeing others who are willing to help.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The factors that will increase the likelihood...

Question 20

Dr. Naquin is a successful surgeon who travels every six months with his colleagues to underdeveloped countries to care for the poor. Dr. Naquin helps them with no expectation of personal reward of benefit. This example illustrates ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Naquin is a successful surgeon who...

Quiz 14: Social Behaviour