Question 1

Joakim's memory for his current phone number is interfering with his memory for his old number.
What does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Retroactive interference occurs when new information interferes with the ability to recall old information, as in Joakim's case where his current phone number is interfering with his memory of his old number.

Question 2

Nia was sexually assaulted a few years ago. According to Freudian theory, what is preventing her from remembering the event?

Accepted Answer

Repression is a defense mechanism in Freudian theory where distressing memories are unconsciously pushed out of conscious awareness.

Question 3

Cynthia can recall very specific and vivid details of the day the Montreal Massacre occurred. What kind of memory does Cynthia have for this event?

Accepted Answer

Cynthia has a flashbulb memory, which is a highly detailed and vivid memory of an emotionally significant event.

Question 4

What do we call the vivid recollections formed by dramatic events?

Accepted Answer

Flashbulb memories are vivid and detailed recollections of dramatic or emotionally charged events.

Question 5

A famous memory case involved a woman who claimed to remember her father killing her best friend and then discarding the body. Which memory phenomenon does this example illustrate?

Accepted Answer

This example illustrates "recovered memories," where an individual recalls a memory of a traumatic event that they believe was previously forgotten or repressed.

Question 6

Ray can't remember anything that happened after his stroke. Which memory phenomenon is Ray experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Ray is experiencing anterograde amnesia, which is the inability to form new memories after an event like a stroke.

Question 7

Temporary brain injuries may cause loss of memories that occurred before the injury. What is this loss of memory called?

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is the loss of pre-existing memories to conscious recollection, beyond an ordinary degree of forgetfulness, typically due to a brain injury.

Question 8

Sherry suffered a concussion and cannot remember anything from before her accident. However, she can still form new memories. Based on this information, what is Sherry experiencing?

Accepted Answer

Sherry's inability to remember anything from before her accident indicates retrograde amnesia, which affects the recall of pre-existing memories.

Question 9

What do we call the neurological process of gradually converting new pieces of information into stable, enduring memory codes or long-term memories?

Accepted Answer

Memory consolidation is the process by which temporary, short-term memories are transformed into stable, long-term memories.

Question 10

When new pieces of information fail to become stable, enduring memory codes (or long-term memories), which of the following processes have failed to happen?

Accepted Answer

Memory consolidation is the process by which new pieces of information become stable, enduring memory codes (or long-term memories). If this process fails to happen, the new information will not be stored in long-term memory and will be forgotten.

Question 11

Through research on the brain, which of the following is known to play a critical role in encoding new episodic memories?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is crucial for the formation and encoding of new episodic memories, which are memories of personal experiences and specific events.

Question 12

Which of the following areas of the brain appears to be most related to memory functioning?

Accepted Answer

The hippocampus is crucial for memory formation and is involved in the consolidation of information from short-term memory to long-term memory.

Question 13

Which of the following helps promote memory consolidation?

Accepted Answer

Sleep is crucial for memory consolidation as it helps stabilize and integrate new information into long-term memory.

Question 14

Why is knowledge of results (feedback) excellent for improving memory?

Accepted Answer

Feedback helps identify areas where more practice is needed, allowing for targeted improvement and better memory retention.

Question 15

Which of the following is an important principle for improving memory?

Accepted Answer

Organizing information helps in creating associations and patterns, making it easier to recall and improve memory retention.

Question 16

Which of the following is a good way to improve memory?

Accepted Answer

Using recall strategies is a good way to improve memory as it involves actively retrieving information, which strengthens memory retention.

Question 17

In terms of our memory abilities, which order of events would produce the least interference?

Accepted Answer

Sleeping after studying helps consolidate memory, reducing interference from new information encountered in class.

Question 18

What is the name for various methods that help store and retrieve information by providing organization for encoding?

Accepted Answer

Mnemonics are techniques used to aid memory by organizing information in a way that makes it easier to encode, store, and retrieve.

Question 19

Of the different types of memory, the shortest duration belongs to ____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Of the different types of memory, the...

Question 20

Of the different types of memory, the longest duration is found within ____________________.

Accepted Answer