Question 1

Our personality is determined mostly by our socialization (upbringing) rather than by our genetic origins.

Accepted Answer

While socialization plays a significant role in shaping personality, genetic factors also have a substantial influence, and the interplay between genetics and environment is complex.

Question 2

Employees who score higher on the big five factors, except neuroticism where they score lower, are the " best" employees.

Accepted Answer

False

Question 3

Phyllis, a manager at a firm, is conventional, resistant to change, and unimaginative. This implies that Phyllis has a high openness to experience personality.

Accepted Answer

Openness to experience is characterized by traits such as creativity, curiosity, and a willingness to try new things. Being conventional, resistant to change, and unimaginative suggests low openness to experience.

Question 4

Neuroticism is one of the three dark triad personality traits.

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is a personality trait associated with emotional instability, but it is not part of the dark triad, which consists of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy.

Question 5

High-Mach individuals believe that deceitis a natural and acceptable way to achieve their goals.

Accepted Answer

High-Mach individuals, characterized by Machiavellianism, often view manipulation and deceit as acceptable strategies to achieve their objectives.

Question 6

According to Jung, the judging function-how people prefer making decisions based on what they have perceived-consists of two competing processes: thinking (T) and feeling (F).

Accepted Answer

Jung's theory of psychological types includes the judging functions of thinking and feeling, which describe how individuals make decisions based on their perceptions.

Question 7

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) extends Jung's list of personality traits by also measuring Jung's broader categories of perceiving and judging.

Accepted Answer

The MBTI builds on Jung's theories by adding the dimensions of perceiving and judging to his original concepts, creating a more comprehensive framework for understanding personality types.

Question 8

Values tell us what we tend to do, while personality traits tell us what we ought to do.

Accepted Answer

Values indicate what we consider important and guide our behavior, while personality traits describe consistent patterns of behavior, thoughts, and emotions.

Question 9

Values directly motivate our actions by affecting the valence of different choices.

Accepted Answer

Values influence our preferences and priorities, which in turn affect the perceived desirability or aversiveness (valence) of different choices, thereby motivating our actions.

Question 10

Distributive justice suggests that all people, both similar and dissimilar, should receive the same benefits and burdens.

Accepted Answer

Distributive justice focuses on fair allocation of resources, which may involve different treatments based on individual needs, contributions, or circumstances, rather than equal distribution to all.

Question 11

The individual rights principle of ethical decision making states that individual rights cannot conflict with another.

Accepted Answer

The individual rights principle acknowledges that individual rights can sometimes conflict with one another, and ethical decision-making involves balancing these rights.

Question 12

Moral intensity is a person's ability to detect a moral dilemma and estimate its relative importance.

Accepted Answer

Moral intensity refers to the extent of issue-related moral imperative in a situation, not a person's ability to detect a moral dilemma.

Question 13

Individualism and collectivism are opposites and the concepts are correlated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Individualism and collectivism are opposites and the...

Question 14

People with high power distance are more likely to resolve problems through informal discussions.

Accepted Answer

High power distance cultures often rely on formal hierarchies and structured processes for problem-solving, rather than informal discussions.

Question 15

Employees who value structured situations in which rules of conduct and decision making are clearly documented score high on uncertainty avoidance.

Accepted Answer

Uncertainty avoidance refers to the extent to which individuals feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity, leading them to prefer structured situations with clear rules and guidelines.

Question 16

Highly collectivist people define themselves by their group memberships.

Accepted Answer

Highly collectivist people prioritize group goals over individual goals and see themselves as part of a larger community, often defining their identity through their group affiliations.

Question 17

_________ is the relatively enduring pattern of thoughts and behaviors that characterize a person.
A) Personality
B) Values
C) Motivation
D) Locus of control
E) Job satisfaction

Accepted Answer

Personality refers to the consistent patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique.

Question 18

Personality is shaped by two general "forces," namely
A) nature and nurture.
B) nature and heredity.
C) heredity and genes.
D) socialization and nurture.
E) tendencies and traits.

Accepted Answer

Personality is influenced by both genetic factors (nature) and environmental factors (nurture), which include upbringing, culture, and experiences.

Question 19

The "Big Five" personality factors represent
A) all of the personality traits found in an ideal job applicant.
B) the clusters representing most personality traits.
C) the personality traits caused by the environment rather than heredity.
D) the necessary conditions for a person to have extraversion.
E) the characteristics of employees with low levels of motivation.

Accepted Answer

The "Big Five" personality factors are a widely recognized model that clusters most personality traits into five broad dimensions: openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism.

Question 20

Which of the following acronyms refer to the personality dimensions in the five-factor model?
A) MBTIA
B) CANOE
C) VALUE
D) MARSE
E) SMART

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following acronyms refer to...

Quiz 2: Individual Differences: Personality and Values