Question 1

What is adolescence?

Accepted Answer

A

Question 2

What marks the beginning of puberty in most cultures?

Accepted Answer

Physical changes, such as the development of secondary sexual characteristics, mark the beginning of puberty.

Question 3

What part of the endocrine system initiates puberty by signaling the adrenal glad to increase production of androgen?

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

When do the first internal changes take place to signal the start of puberty?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When do the first internal changes take...

Question 5

Which hormones stimulate the growth of ovaries in girls and testes in boys?

Accepted Answer

Gonadotrophic hormones, specifically follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), stimulate the growth and function of the ovaries in girls and testes in boys.

Question 6

Which hormone triggers the growth spurt in girls as well as the development of pubic hair?

Accepted Answer

Adrenal androgens are responsible for the development of pubic hair and contribute to the growth spurt during puberty in girls.

Question 7

Which hormone in males plays a critical role in the formation of male genitals prenatally and triggers the sequence of changes in primary and secondary sex characteristics at puberty?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone responsible for the development of male genitals prenatally and the changes in primary and secondary sex characteristics during puberty.

Question 8

If a 10-year-old boy is not growing at a normal rate, which hormone level might the doctor check?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that plays a crucial role in growth and development in children. A deficiency can lead to growth retardation.

Question 9

What happens to the brain during the first adolescent growth spurt, between 13 and 15 years?

Accepted Answer

During the first adolescent growth spurt, the cerebral cortex becomes thicker and the neuronal pathways become more efficient, which enhances cognitive abilities.

Question 10

Josh is 15 years old. His brother Mark is 11. Josh is much better at videogames than Mark now that he is an adolescent. What about his brain development would be causing this to be the case?

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, there is significant growth in brain areas that control spatial perception, motor functions, and information processing, which can enhance skills like those needed for video games.

Question 11

When does the second brain growth spurt of adolescence occur?

Accepted Answer

The second brain growth spurt typically occurs between age 17 and early adulthood, as the brain continues to develop and mature during this period.

Question 12

Some high schools in the United States are beginning the school day later and ending it in the evening. What research regarding circadian rhythms caused these schools to change their start and end time?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that adolescents experience a shift in their circadian rhythms, with melatonin being released later in the evening, making it difficult for them to wake up early and easier to stay up late.

Question 13

Why would a college student with delayed sleep phase syndrome not want to enroll in an early morning class?

Accepted Answer

Delayed sleep phase syndrome causes difficulty in falling asleep until late at night, making it hard to wake up early for morning classes.

Question 14

Name two social factors preventing teens from getting adequate sleep.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name two social factors preventing teens from...

Question 15

What is the first visible sign of puberty?

Accepted Answer

The adolescent growth spurt is often the first visible sign of puberty, as it involves a rapid increase in height and weight.

Question 16

What triggers the adolescent growth spurt?

Accepted Answer

The adolescent growth spurt is primarily triggered by the release of human growth hormone by the pituitary gland, which stimulates growth and development during puberty.

Question 17

Thirteen year old Ryan has a size 10 shoe even though he is just five feet tall. In fact, it seems as though parts of his body are growing at different rates. Why would this be so?

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, different parts of the body grow at different rates, which is why Ryan's feet may be larger compared to his height. This is a normal part of growth and development during this stage.

Question 18

At what age do most females reach adult height?

Accepted Answer

Most females reach their adult height by the age of 16, as they typically complete their growth spurt earlier than males.

Question 19

At what age do most males reach adult height?

Accepted Answer

Most males reach their adult height between the ages of 18 and 23, as this is when they typically finish their growth spurts during puberty.

Question 20

Because of advanced joint development, early adolescent girls outperform boys in sports that require what skill?

Accepted Answer

Early adolescent girls often outperform boys in sports requiring coordination due to their advanced joint development and earlier maturation during this stage.

Quiz 13: Physical Development and Health in Adolescence