Question 1

Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with conscientiousness?

Accepted Answer

High IQ is not necessarily associated with conscientiousness, as one can possess a high IQ but still lack the trait of being organized, responsible, and thorough in their actions.

Question 2

Which trait has been consistently linked to a range of health outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness has been consistently linked to a range of health outcomes, such as lower risk of chronic diseases, longer lifespan, and better compliance with medical treatments. Neuroticism, authoritarianism, and openness have not consistently shown such links to health outcomes.

Question 3

A researcher who tries to discover the most important or basic personality traits that exist is taking a ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 4

Julie is a serious and conscientious employee; however, with her friends at happy hour on Friday afternoon she is the life of the party. According to Snyder's theory, Julie would most likely be ________.

Accepted Answer

Snyder's theory suggests that high self-monitors are able to adapt their behavior to fit different social situations and are more able to modify their behavior in response to social cues. Julie's ability to be serious and conscientious at work, but also the life of the party with her friends, suggests that she is adept at adjusting her behavior to suit different social situations, which is a hallmark of high self-monitoring.

Question 5

According to recent research about personality and energy drink preferences, those high in self-monitoring would likely prefer which brand of energy drink in a consumer taste test study?

Accepted Answer

The research suggests that individuals high in self-monitoring are typically more concerned with how others perceive them and are therefore more likely to select brands associated with high social status. Superstar Energy, with its name and branding, may be perceived as a higher-status brand compared to the other options.

Question 6

Which trait is linked to reduced creativity in group problem-solving tasks?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness is linked to reduced creativity in group problem-solving tasks. People who score higher in conscientiousness tend to be organized, disciplined, and follow rules and procedures, which can limit their ability to think outside the box and generate novel ideas in group settings.

Question 7

In order to alleviate the effects of bias in employment testing, employers might want to use ________ because they typically do not show racial or ethnic differences.

Accepted Answer

Tests of conscientiousness are less likely to show racial or ethnic differences compared to other types of tests like aptitude, ability, or achievement tests. This is because conscientiousness is a personality trait that does not depend on specific cultural or educational backgrounds, making it a more equitable measure across diverse groups.

Question 8

Given Snyder's description of self-monitoring, you would expect someone who is low in self-monitoring to be ________ than someone high in self-monitoring.

Accepted Answer

Snyder describes individuals who are high in self-monitoring as being very aware of and able to adjust their behavior to fit the situation and the expectations of others. Therefore, they may be perceived as more "fake" or superficial than those who are low in self-monitoring and behave consistently across situations, making them easier to judge.

Question 9

According to one survey of employers, seven out of the top eight qualities sought in new employees involved ________.

Accepted Answer

The statement mentions that seven out of the top eight qualities sought in new employees involved something specific, and the only option that fits this criteria is conscientiousness. Intelligence and emotional intelligence could be considered similar to conscientiousness, but the statement specifically mentions that there were seven out of eight qualities involved, not just two or three. Agreeableness is also not mentioned at all. Therefore, the best choice is D - conscientiousness.

Question 10

A researcher interested in identifying common patterns of trait variation that characterize whole persons is using a ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The typological approach focuses on identifying patterns of traits that characterize whole persons, rather than focusing on individual traits.

Question 11

Which of the following traits is largely independent of integrity tests?

Accepted Answer

Integrity tests are designed to assess an individual's honesty, trustworthiness, and ethical conduct. While openness, agreeableness, emotional stability, and conscientiousness are all important personality traits, they are not directly related to integrity. Therefore, the trait that is largely independent of integrity tests is openness (choice A).

Question 12

When compared to high self-monitors, people who score low in self-monitoring tend to ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When compared to high self-monitors, people who...

Question 13

According to the text, tests of conscientiousness seem to predict ________ better than they predict ________.

Accepted Answer

The text states that tests of conscientiousness "tend to predict supervisors’ ratings of job performance better than they predict employee thefts or other counterproductive behaviors." Therefore, the correct answer is C, which lists supervisors' ratings of job performance as the better predicted variable and employee thefts as the other option.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a currently discussed explanation for narcissistic behavior?

Accepted Answer

Currently, there is not much evidence to support the idea that narcissists are actually shy and timid. This explanation is not commonly discussed in the literature on narcissistic behavior.

Question 15

Research on ________ addresses important questions concerning the way that inner reality and the private self relate to external reality and the self as presented to others.

Accepted Answer

Self-monitoring refers to the extent to which individuals are sensitive to social cues and adjust their behavior accordingly. Therefore, research on self-monitoring addresses the question of how individuals present themselves to others and how that presentation relates to their inner reality and private self. The other options do not directly relate to this topic.

Question 16

Which trait is associated with positive first impressions but more negative impressions in longer-term relationships?

Accepted Answer

Narcissism is associated with making positive first impressions due to charm and confidence, but these impressions often become more negative over time as the more exploitative and self-centered traits of narcissism become apparent in longer-term relationships.

Question 17

A researcher who starts with an interest in delinquency and then identifies the traits associated with that category of behavior is taking a ________ approach.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher who starts with an interest...

Question 18

Low self- monitors are more likely than high self-monitors to be described as ________.

Accepted Answer

Low self-monitors tend to be more independent and less concerned with social adaptability or the impression they make on others, unlike high self-monitors who adjust their behavior to fit social situations.

Question 19

People who adjust their behavior to best fit the situation are called ________, and people whose behavior is guided by their personality are called ________.

Accepted Answer

People who adjust their behavior to best fit the situation are called high self-monitors, while people whose behavior is guided by their personality are called low self-monitors. This is why option C is the correct answer. Options A and B are both incorrect because they describe different personality traits rather than levels of self-monitoring. Option D is also incorrect because it reverses the labels for high and low self-monitors.

Question 20

According to a recent study described in the textbook, which trait has been linked to a decrease in life satisfaction following a bout of unemployment?

Accepted Answer

According to the textbook, conscientiousness has been linked to a decrease in life satisfaction following a bout of unemployment. Those who score high on conscientiousness tend to work hard, follow rules, and be organized, and therefore may be more impacted by the loss of a job and the disruption of their routine.

Quiz 7: Using Personality Traits to Understand Behavior