Question 1

Baby Aaron has a habit of sucking his thumb.Baby Aaron is probably in Substage _____ of Piaget's sensorimotor stages.

Accepted Answer

Substage 2, the stage of primary circular reactions, occurs between 1-4 months and is characterized by infants repeating pleasurable actions centered on their own bodies, such as sucking their thumb or grasping their toes.

Question 2

The sensorimotor stage is Piaget's __________ period of development.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

In Substage 5 of the sensorimotor period,toddlers

Accepted Answer

In Substage 5 of the sensorimotor period, toddlers engage in "tertiary circular reactions," where they experiment with behaviors and explore variations to see different outcomes.

Question 4

Baby Lindsay has combined her reaching,grasping,and sucking schemes into a higher-order scheme that allows her to reach for her pacifier and put it into her mouth.This achievement is an example of

Accepted Answer

This achievement is an example of organization, which is the process of combining simple cognitive structures into more complex systems. Baby Lindsay has combined her reaching, grasping, and sucking schemes into a higher-order scheme that allows her to reach for her pacifier and put it into her mouth. Equilibrium refers to the balance between cognitive structures and the environment. Assimilation is the process of incorporating new information into existing cognitive structures, and accommodation is the process of modifying existing cognitive structures to account for new information. However, in this specific scenario, organization best explains Lindsay's achievement.

Question 5

According to Piaget,organization takes place

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, organization is an internal process where individuals organize and reorganize their experiences and knowledge structure to make sense of their environment. Therefore, the correct answer is B, which states that organization takes place internally.

Question 6

Baby Jared accidentally kicks his mobile,producing music.Jared then repeatedly kicks his leg to repeat the effect,gradually forming a new "kicking" scheme.Jared is in which of Piaget's sensorimotor substages?

Accepted Answer

Jared is in the third substage of Piaget's sensorimotor stage, known as "secondary circular reactions," where infants repeat actions that produce interesting effects in the environment.

Question 7

Children use their current schemes to interpret the external world using a process known as

Accepted Answer

Children use their existing mental structures, or schemes, to make sense of new information, which is called assimilation. This involves interpreting new experiences in terms of their current understanding. The other options are also important processes in Piaget's theory of cognitive development, but they are not directly related to how children initially make sense of new information.

Question 8

Infants' __________ may underlie the circular reaction.

Accepted Answer

Infants' difficulty inhibiting new and interesting behaviors may underlie the circular reaction, as they are naturally inclined to repeat actions that are novel and engaging.

Question 9

Baby Olivia retrieves a stuffed sheep that her mother has hidden under a blanket.Olivia has begun to master

Accepted Answer

Baby Olivia's ability to retrieve the stuffed sheep that her mother hid under a blanket indicates that she has developed the concept of object permanence. This means that she understands that objects continue to exist even if they are not visible, and can use mental representation to search for and find them. Choices A, B, and C do not fully explain Olivia's ability to locate the hidden object.

Question 10

During rapid cognitive change,children

Accepted Answer

Rapid cognitive change refers to significant and sudden shifts in a child's thinking, often accompanied by confusion and uncertainty. This state of cognitive upheaval is known as disequilibrium, as the child is forced to reorganize their understanding of the world to accommodate new information. This process of accommodating to new information is referred to as accommodation, and during periods of rapid cognitive change, children typically accommodate more than they assimilate.

Question 11

According to Piaget,during the sensorimotor stage,a child is not yet able to

Accepted Answer

During the sensorimotor stage, children are not yet able to carry out many activities in their head as they rely on physical interaction with their environment to learn and develop.

Question 12

In Piaget's sensorimotor Substage 4,babies

Accepted Answer

In Piaget's sensorimotor Substage 4, also known as the coordination of secondary circular reactions, babies engage in goal-directed behavior. They are able to intentionally and purposefully repeat actions that bring about a desired outcome or result. This marks a significant development in their ability to understand cause and effect relationships and to use this understanding to achieve their goals. Choice A refers to Substage 3, where babies start to intentionally repeat interesting events. Choice C refers to Substage 2, where babies start to gain voluntary control over their own movements. Choice D refers to Substage 1, where babies repeat chance behaviors largely motivated by their basic needs.

Question 13

Piaget believed that infants and toddlers

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that infants and toddlers "think" with their eyes, ears, and hands, which means they learn through sensory and motor experiences. Option A is not true, as infants can solve practical problems, such as finding ways to reach an object. Option B is incorrect because Piaget believed that infants construct schemes for understanding the world around them. Option C is false because in the early stages of development, infants and toddlers mainly accommodate (change their schemas) to fit new information, rather than assimilate (making new information fit in with existing schemas).

Question 14

According to Piaget,a __________ provides a special means of adapting infants' first schemes.

Accepted Answer

Circular reactions are the repetitive actions that infants perform on their environment in order to adapt their schemes. These repetitions serve as a special means of adapting their first schemes.

Question 15

When children are not changing much cognitively,they __________ more than they __________.

Accepted Answer

When children are not changing much cognitively, they tend to assimilate (or fit new information into existing mental schemas) more than they accommodate (or adjust mental schemas to fit new information). This is because assimilation is a simpler process that involves adding new information to existing mental structures, while accommodation requires more cognitive effort to create entirely new mental structures or revise existing ones. Therefore, option C - assimilate; accommodate - is the best choice.

Question 16

Although infants in Piaget's sensorimotor Substage 4 have begun to master object permanence,

Accepted Answer

Infants in Piaget's sensorimotor Substage 4 still make the A-not-B search error, which means they have not fully mastered object permanence.

Question 17

Six-month-old Eva drops her teething ring in a fairly rigid way,simply letting go and watching it with interest.This example demonstrates Piaget's belief that,at first,schemes are

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, at this stage (sensorimotor stage), infants develop sensorimotor action patterns or schemes to understand and interact with the world around them. Dropping a teething ring and watching it with interest is an example of a sensorimotor action pattern. Therefore, the best choice is A) sensorimotor action patterns.

Question 18

According to Piaget's theory,when Baby Sasha sucks her thumb,she is demonstrating a __________ circular reaction.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, primary circular reactions occur during the sensorimotor stage (birth to 2 years) where infants repeat an action that had an interesting or pleasurable result on their own bodies, such as sucking a thumb. These actions are not directed towards external objects or people, but rather are self-initiated and self-directed. Secondary circular reactions occur when infants begin to realize the effects their actions have on the environment, while tertiary circular reactions involve actively experimenting with and exploring different actions to see what happens. Goal-directed behavior is a later stage of development, where infants intentionally use actions to achieve a specific goal.

Question 19

Accommodation

Accepted Answer

Accommodation is the process of creating new schemes or adjusting old ones in order to better understand and interpret the world. option A is actually describing assimilation, which is the use of current schemes to interpret the world. Option B is incorrect because accommodation isn't an internal process only but rather a process of adapting to the external world. Option D is also incorrect because it doesn't accurately describe what accommodation involves.

Question 20

The circular reaction

Accepted Answer

The circular reaction involves stumbling onto a new experience caused by the baby's own motor activity. This leads to the development of new reflexes and responses in a circular or repetitive pattern.

Quiz 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood