Question 1

Teenagers add which of the following new dimensions of self-evaluation to those of middle childhood?

Accepted Answer

Close friendship, romantic appeal, and job competence are new dimensions of self-evaluation that are added in adolescence, while athletic and academic ability, physical attractiveness, and relationships with family members were already present in middle childhood. Friendship, integrity, and honesty are essential qualities for self-evaluation in all stages of life, but they are not specific to adolescence.

Question 2

Which of the following statements exemplifies 17-year-old Xavier's ability to add integrating principles that make sense of formerly troublesome contradictions?

Accepted Answer

This statement shows Xavier acknowledging and integrating the seemingly contradictory facets of his personality - being talkative with friends who listen to him but clamming up at home where he doesn't feel heard. This demonstrates his ability to add integrating principles that make sense of formerly troublesome contradictions.

Question 3

After graduating from high school,Raymond floundered for a brief period.He did not know what he wanted to do or who he wanted to be.He tried several different things.According to Erikson,Raymond experienced

Accepted Answer

Raymond's experience of trying different things and not knowing his desired path suggests an identity crisis, which is a normal developmental stage according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development.

Question 4

Compared with school-age children,teenagers' self-evaluations place more emphasis on

Accepted Answer

Teenagers' self-evaluations often place more emphasis on social virtues, as they become more concerned with peer relationships and social acceptance during adolescence.

Question 5

Which of the following self-descriptions would be more typical of an adolescent than a school-age child?

Accepted Answer

The self-description in option C shows a more complex and nuanced understanding of oneself compared to the other options, indicating a more mature level of self-awareness that is more typical of an adolescent than a school-age child. Options A and D focus on specific skills or material possessions while option B gives a simplistic description of physical attributes and personality traits.

Question 6

Sixteen-year-old Max has been introspective lately.He has been wondering who he really is,thinking about his values,and pondering the direction he will pursue in the future.Max is

Accepted Answer

Max's introspection about his values, identity, and future direction suggests that he is actively constructing his identity. This process of self-discovery and self-definition is a key aspect of adolescence, as adolescents navigate their changing social contexts and develop a sense of who they are as individuals. While Max may also be considering moral dilemmas, adopting his parents' values, and building his self-esteem, these processes are not necessarily central to his current introspective state.

Question 7

During adolescence,self-descriptions often include contradictory terms because teenagers

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, teenagers often feel pressure to adapt their behavior and self-presentation to fit different social contexts and relationships, leading to self-descriptions that may include contradictory terms.

Question 8

Which of the following statements about identity development is true?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that college students make more progress in identity development than they did during high school. This may be due to increased exposure to diverse perspectives and opportunities for self-exploration. Option A is incorrect because going to college can actually help prevent identity foreclosure or diffusion. Option B is incorrect because most young people in their 20s are in the moratorium stage of identity development, actively exploring different roles and values. Option D is incorrect because going straight to work after high school may actually lead to earlier identity formation as individuals are forced to make decisions and commitments sooner.

Question 9

According to Erikson,if the psychological conflict of adolescence is resolved negatively,a young person experiences

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson's theory, the psychological conflict of adolescence is identity versus role confusion. If this conflict is not resolved positively, a young person would struggle with finding a sense of identity and personal direction, leading to confusion and uncertainty about their future roles in life. Therefore, the best choice is B, role confusion.

Question 10

When Antonio is asked about his plans for the future,he says he might want to be a lawyer like his mother.However,he is continuing to explore and learn about other professions.Antonio is displaying characteristics of identity

Accepted Answer

Antonio is in the process of exploring and considering different options for his future career, indicating that he is currently in a state of moratorium. This means that he has not yet committed to a particular identity or career path and is still actively exploring possibilities. Option A, achievement, would indicate that Antonio has already made a firm commitment to a particular identity or career. Option C, foreclosure, would indicate that Antonio has accepted a predetermined identity or career path without considering any other options. Option D, diffusion, would indicate that Antonio is not actively exploring any options and is instead feeling overwhelmed or unclear about his identity or future direction.

Question 11

With regard to identity development,most young people __________ between their mid-teens and mid-twenties.

Accepted Answer

Most young people progress from lower identity statuses to higher ones as they explore and commit to various aspects of their identity during their mid-teens to mid-twenties.

Question 12

In adolescence,self-esteem __________ for most young people.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In adolescence,self-esteem __________ for most young people.
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Question 13

Long-term identity __________ and __________ are maladaptive.

Accepted Answer

Long-term foreclosure (adopting an identity without exploring alternatives) and diffusion (lacking direction or commitment to an identity) are both maladaptive, as individuals with these identity statuses may struggle with issues such as low self-esteem, difficulty forming and maintaining relationships, and a lack of direction in life. Moratorium (actively exploring alternatives without committing) and achievement (committing to an identity after exploration) are considered more adaptive identity statuses.

Question 14

Mallory accepts her parents' political beliefs without question.She is characterized by identity

Accepted Answer

Mallory's acceptance of her parents' beliefs without question is indicative of foreclosure, which is a phase in identity development where an individual adopts their parents' beliefs and values without exploring alternatives or questioning them. This is different from identity diffusion, where an individual has not yet explored or committed to any specific beliefs or values, moratorium, where an individual is actively exploring different beliefs and values, or achievement, where an individual has settled on their own beliefs and values after exploration and reflection.

Question 15

Identity-__________ individuals lack clear direction.They are not committed to values or goals,nor are they actively trying to reach them.

Accepted Answer

Diffused individuals have not yet committed to an identity or explored their values or goals. They may feel lost or unsure of their direction in life, and they are not actively trying to reach any specific goals or values. Achieved individuals have actively explored and committed to a clear sense of identity and values, while foreclosed individuals have committed to an identity without exploring or considering other options. Delayed individuals have not yet committed to an identity but are actively exploring their options.

Question 16

For most young people,identity development is not traumatic and disturbing,but,rather,a process of

Accepted Answer

The process of identity development for most young people involves exploration to figure out what they value, what kind of person they want to be, what they believe in, and what their talents and abilities are. This exploration leads to a sense of commitment to a particular identity, whether it be related to work, religion, relationships, or other areas of life. While there may be some experimentation and error along the way, this is a normal part of the process and does not necessarily result in a crisis or trauma. A and B are not accurate descriptions of the typical experience of identity development for most young people.

Question 17

In adolescence,__________ parenting predicts high self-esteem.

Accepted Answer

Authoritative parenting, which is characterized by warmth, responsiveness, and clear expectations and boundaries, has been consistently found to be associated with high self-esteem in adolescence. The other three types of parenting (uninvolved, permissive, and authoritarian) tend to be associated with lower self-esteem outcomes.

Question 18

Sixteen-year-old Garrett feels that he has a great relationship with his mother,with whom he feels free to have spirited discussions about politics and religion.Garrett is likely to be in a state of identity

Accepted Answer

Garrett's ability to have open and meaningful conversations with his mother suggests that he has successfully navigated the identity crisis associated with adolescence and has achieved a clear sense of his own beliefs and values. This state of identity is known as identity achievement.

Question 19

Erikson was the first to recognize __________ as a crucial step toward becoming a productive,content adult.

Accepted Answer

Erikson emphasized the importance of identity formation during adolescence as a crucial step toward becoming a productive, content adult.

Question 20

According to Erikson,when an adolescent cannot resolve an identity crisis,she may

Accepted Answer

According to Erikson, failure to resolve the identity crisis during adolescence can lead to a sense of role confusion and confusion about one's place in the world. This can result in appearing directionless and unprepared for adulthood. Option A is not necessarily a negative outcome as exploring vocational choices is a normal part of adolescence. Option C may be a symptom of the identity crisis, but not the outcome of it. Option D describes a positive outcome of resolving the identity crisis, which is not what the question is asking for.

Quiz 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence