Question 1

As outlined in the text,integrated regulation occurs when individuals integrate both internal and external information into a coherent set of values,goals,and priorities,and these become a part of the self.

Accepted Answer

Integrated regulation is defined as the highest level of intrinsic motivation, where individuals fully internalize behaviors and values that were previously external to them. This means that individuals integrate both external information (such as advice from others or cultural norms) and internal information (such as personal experiences and feelings) into their values, goals, and priorities. As a result, these become a part of the self, and individuals are able to pursue their goals because they feel they are important and personally meaningful.

Question 2

Explain the premise of achievement goal theory.

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Question 3

According to the achievement goal theory,students may pursue two types of goals: approach goals and avoidance goals.

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Question 4

Peer-assisted learning (PAL)is a general term that encompasses a broad variety of strategies where students are acquiring knowledge and skills through interactions with other students but mostly with tutors or teachers.

Accepted Answer

Peer-assisted learning (PAL) specifically refers to approaches where students learn from and with each other as their main source of information and support, rather than primarily from interactions with tutors or teachers.

Question 5

According to Festinger's social comparison theory,in assessing performance and abilities,people may use two types of standards: objective and social.

Accepted Answer

Festinger's social comparison theory proposes that people compare themselves to others to evaluate their abilities and performance. In doing so, they may use objective standards such as personal goals or external benchmarks, as well as social standards based on the performance of others. Therefore, the statement is true.

Question 6

Stereotype threat refers to the anxiety that students feel when they are faced with expectations consistent with stereotypes about their group.

Accepted Answer

Stereotype threat is a real psychological phenomenon where the fear of confirming negative stereotypes about one's own group can interfere with individual performance, particularly in academic or intellectual settings. It can affect individuals from any minority group - be it race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, religion, disability, or socioeconomic status. The fear and uncertainty can trigger stress responses and impair cognitive processing, leading to lower academic achievement, avoidance of challenging opportunities, and disengagement from school or work. Teachers, parents, and mentors can help mitigate the effects of stereotype threat by promoting a growth mindset, providing positive feedback and role models, and creating an inclusive and supportive learning environment.

Question 7

One PAL method,the jigsaw classroom technique,has been applied effectively to address the problem of aggression in schools.

Accepted Answer

The statement is true. The jigsaw classroom technique is a PAL method that involves dividing students into small groups and assigning each member a specific task or content area to become an expert on. This technique promotes cooperation, communication, and understanding among students and has been found to reduce aggression and prejudice in school settings.

Question 8

With Festinger's social comparison theory,comparisons are often made with people who are slightly better than we are,called upward social comparisons,and with those who are slightly worse off than we are,called downward social comparisons.

Accepted Answer

This is the accurate description of Festinger's social comparison theory.

Question 9

A positive academic self-concept is related to greater motivation,higher academic aspirations,and better academic performance.

Accepted Answer

Numerous research studies have shown that students who have a positive academic self-concept tend to be more motivated, have higher academic aspirations, and perform better academically than those with a negative self-concept. This is because a positive academic self-concept helps students to believe in their abilities and to persevere through challenges, ultimately leading to greater success.

Question 10

The feelings,attitudes,and perceptions that students hold about their academic ability,especially when compared with those of other students,is called academic self-comparison.

Accepted Answer

The feelings, attitudes, and perceptions that students hold about their academic ability, especially when compared with those of other students, are more accurately described as academic self-concept, not academic self-comparison. Academic self-comparison is the act of comparing oneself to others, which can influence academic self-concept.

Question 11

Differentiate between self-handicapping and procrastination.

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Question 12

What is meant by self-serving strategies? Give an example of a type of self-serving strategy.

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Question 13

Distinguish between bullying and cyberbullying,and list three negative effects of bullying.

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Question 14

Explain what is meant by peer-assisted learning,and describe two approaches of such learning.

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Question 15

Explain what is meant by the term self-fulfilling prophecy.

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Question 16

One current theory that helps to explain the connection between students' motivation and academic behavior is the self-determination theory.Describe this theory in detail.

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Question 17

Describe Festinger's social comparison theory.

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Question 18

A child's behavior in school may be influenced by what he or she perceives to be not only rewarding but typical,expected,and "normal." Identify and describe the three normative social processes that may operate within a social setting.

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Question 19

List two strategies educators have used to counter self-handicapping in the classroom setting.

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Quiz 9: Applying Social Psychology to Education