Question 1

Explain two important sources of genetic variation in meiosis.Evolutionarily speaking,why do you think is it important that there is recombination of the genes in meiosis?

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Question 2

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-This cell possesses only a single set of chromosomes.

Accepted Answer

Haploid refers to a single set of chromosomes, in contrast to diploid which has two sets.

Answer: F
 A gene is the basic unit of heredity, consisting of a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a particular trait.

Answer: I
 Anaphase I refers to the stage in meiosis I where the homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Note: The remaining answer choices (A, B, C, E, G, and H) do not match the given definition.

Question 3

Each cell contains two chromosomes with genes for the same traits; these chromosomes are called ________.

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Question 4

During gamete formation at the end of Telophase I the ploidy of the daughter cells is ________ and each chromosome consists of ________ chromatid(s).

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Question 5

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-Longest period of the cell cycle.

Accepted Answer

Interphase is the longest period of the cell cycle, where the cell grows and carries out its normal functions.

Answer: D
 Haploid refers to a cell that has only one set of chromosomes, typically found in sex cells (gametes).

Answer: F
 A gene is a specific sequence of DNA that codes for a particular protein or trait.

Answer: H
 Crossing over is the process in meiosis where homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material, leading to genetic variation.

Answer: E
 Metaphase is the stage in mitosis where the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

Answer: G
 Anaphase is the stage in mitosis where the sister chromatids separate and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell.

Answer: I
 Anaphase I is the stage in meiosis where the homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell.

Answer: C
 Cytokinesis is the final stage of the cell cycle, where the cytoplasm is divided into two daughter cells.

Question 6

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-A phase in the mitotic division in which a nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes at the two poles.

Accepted Answer

Telophase is the phase in the mitotic division in which a nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes at the two poles.

Answer: D
 Haploid refers to a cell or nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes.

Answer: E
 Metaphase is the phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes are aligned at the equator of the cell.

Answer: F
 Gene is a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is responsible for determining certain characteristics.

Answer: G
 Anaphase is the stage of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

Answer: C
 Cytokinesis is the process in which the cytoplasm of a single eukaryotic cell divides into two identical daughter cells.

Answer: H
 Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis.

Answer: I
 Anaphase I is the stage of meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 7

Compare and contrast the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

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Question 8

Suppose that mitosis was used to produce our gametes.What unique problems would be encountered?

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Question 9

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-A phase in meiosis in which homologous pairs are separated from each other.

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I is the phase in meiosis where homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 10

A baby is born with the genotype XYY.This sort of disorder is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis.In the case of the XYY genotype,can you be certain of which parent had the nondisjunction in their gamete? Explain your answer.

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The answer of A baby is born with the genotype...

Question 11

Suppose a researcher claims to be able to make a hybrid animal that is a cross between a goat and a horse.This animal has been termed "gorse." The normal diploid number for a goat is 60 and the normal diploid number for a horse is 62.Ignore the ethics here and answer the following: Based on normal meiosis,a goat gamete (haploid)should have ________ chromosomes,while a horse gamete (haploid)should have ________ chromosomes.This means we would expect our hybrid gorse to contain a total of ________ chromosomes per cell.Let's assume our researcher beats the odds and this hybrid gorse survives.Even if the hybrid survives,it is likely that it will be sterile.Referring back to the above numbers,when the hybrid produces its gametes there should be a problem.Explain what that problem will be.

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The answer of Suppose a researcher claims to be able...

Question 12

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-A specific segment of the chromosome's DNA that directs the synthesis of a single protein.

Accepted Answer

A gene is a specific segment of chromosome DNA that directs the synthesis of a single protein.

Answer: H 
 Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.

Answer: F 
 A gene is a specific segment of chromosome DNA that directs the synthesis of a single protein.

Answer: E 
 During metaphase of mitosis and meiosis, chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell.

Answer: G 
 During anaphase of mitosis and meiosis, sister chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers.

Answer: C 
 Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm of a cell to create two new daughter cells.

Answer: D 
 Haploid cells have one set of chromosomes, as opposed to diploid cells which have two sets.

Answer: I 
 Anaphase I is the phase of meiosis I where homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 13

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-The division of the cytoplasm,which occurs at the end of mitosis and meiosis.

Accepted Answer

Cytokinesis is the process of dividing the cytoplasm at the end of mitosis and meiosis.

Answer: D
 Haploid refers to a cell or organism that has only one set of chromosomes, as opposed to diploid which has two sets.

Answer: F
 A gene is a segment of DNA that encodes for a specific trait or function.

Answer: G
 Anaphase is the stage of mitosis or meiosis where the sister chromatids are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

Answer: H
 Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Answer: I
 Anaphase I is the stage of meiosis I where the homologous chromosomes are pulled apart and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

Question 14

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-A phase in mitotic division in which the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers.

Accepted Answer

Anaphase is the phase in mitotic division where the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers.

Answer: B 
 Telophase is the final phase in mitotic division where the chromosomes have moved to opposite ends of the cell and nuclear membranes reform.

Answer: C 
 Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm that occurs after the nucleus has divided, resulting in two daughter cells.

Answer: D 
 Haploid refers to having one set of chromosomes, or half the normal number of chromosomes (n) in a cell.

Answer: E 
 Metaphase is the phase in mitotic division where the chromosomes align at the equatorial plate of the cell.

Answer: F 
 A gene is a segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.

Answer: H 
 Crossing over is the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.

Answer: I 
 Anaphase I is the phase in meiosis I where the homologous chromosomes are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.

Question 15

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-The method of reshuffling genes by randomly aligning them in metaphase I.

Accepted Answer

The method of reshuffling genes by randomly aligning them in metaphase I is known as "Independent assortment."

Question 16

What are the results of nondisjunction,and why are these chromosome alterations so detrimental to an individual?

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The answer of What are the results of nondisjunction,and why...

Question 17

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-The shuffling of maternal and paternal forms of genes in prophase I.

Accepted Answer

Crossing over refers to the shuffling of maternal and paternal forms of genes in prophase I.

Answer: D
 Haploid refers to the number of chromosomes in a gamete, which is half that of a somatic cell.

Answer: I
 Anaphase I is the stage of meiosis I where homologous chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

Answer: F
 A gene is a unit of heredity that codes for a specific trait or protein.

Answer: E
 Metaphase is the stage in mitosis or meiosis where chromosomes are aligned along the equator of the cell.

Answer: G
 Anaphase is the stage in mitosis or meiosis where sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

Answer: B
 Telophase is the final stage of mitosis or meiosis where chromosomes reach the poles of the cell and new nuclei form.

Answer: C
 Cytokinesis is the process in which the cell divides into two daughter cells, each containing a complete set of chromosomes.

Answer: A
 Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle in which cells grow, replicate their DNA, and prepare for cell division.

Question 18

Complete the following table concerning mitosis and meiosis:

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The answer of Complete the following table concerning mitosis and...

Question 19

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column.
-A phase in mitosis in which the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell .J)Independent assortment

Accepted Answer

Metaphase is the phase in which the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell.

Answer: F
 A gene is a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring.

Answer: G
 Anaphase is the phase in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

Answer: I
 Anaphase I is the stage in meiosis I in which the homologous chromosomes separate and move to opposite poles of the cell.

Question 20

A 42-year-old woman becomes pregnant.Her physician recommends amniocentesis (a test for fetal chromosomal disorders).When the results are analyzed by the laboratory,it is determined that the fetus has 47 chromosomes.Name and fully explain what caused this disorder.When the woman and her husband consult a genetic counselor,they are told that this problem is likely to have occurred in the woman's egg cells as opposed to her 50-year-old husband's sperm cells.Explain why.

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Quiz 19: Chromosomes and Cell Division

Explain two important sources of genetic variation in meiosis.Evolutionarily speaking,why do you think is it important that there is recombination of the genes in meiosis?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -This cell possesses only a single set of chromosomes.

Each cell contains two chromosomes with genes for the same traits; these chromosomes are called ________.

During gamete formation at the end of Telophase I the ploidy of the daughter cells is and each chromosome consists of chromatid(s).

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -Longest period of the cell cycle.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A phase in the mitotic division in which a nuclear membrane forms around each group of chromosomes at the two poles.

Compare and contrast the processes of oogenesis and spermatogenesis.

Suppose that mitosis was used to produce our gametes.What unique problems would be encountered?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A phase in meiosis in which homologous pairs are separated from each other.

A baby is born with the genotype XYY.This sort of disorder is the result of nondisjunction during meiosis.In the case of the XYY genotype,can you be certain of which parent had the nondisjunction in their gamete? Explain your answer.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A specific segment of the chromosome's DNA that directs the synthesis of a single protein.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -The division of the cytoplasm,which occurs at the end of mitosis and meiosis.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A phase in mitotic division in which the sister chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibers.

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -The method of reshuffling genes by randomly aligning them in metaphase I.

What are the results of nondisjunction,and why are these chromosome alterations so detrimental to an individual?

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -The shuffling of maternal and paternal forms of genes in prophase I.

Complete the following table concerning mitosis and meiosis:

Match each definition in the first column to the correct term in the second column. -A phase in mitosis in which the chromosomes line up at the center of the cell .J) Independent assortment