Question 1

The genetic code only works because each codon is read in a specific manner that results in the correct amino acid being placed in that particular spot.What physically places each amino acid by matching up the correct codon?

Accepted Answer

tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for physically placing each amino acid in the correct spot by matching up the correct codon. Each tRNA molecule has an anticodon that matches with a specific codon on the mRNA (messenger RNA) strand, and also carries a specific amino acid that will be added to the growing polypeptide chain. This process is essential for accurate translation of the genetic code.DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) carries the genetic information that codes for the sequence of amino acids, but does not physically place them. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is a component of ribosomes, which are the site of protein synthesis, but do not directly place amino acids either. Therefore, A) tRNA is the best choice.

Question 2

Genes are really just segments of DNA in patterns of A's,T's,G's,and C's.How does an RNA polymerase "know" where to start transcribing at the beginning of a particular gene?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase recognizes a specific promoter region, usually located upstream of the start codon, which indicates where to initiate transcription. The promoter region contains a specific sequence of nucleotides that binds to the RNA polymerase and triggers the start of transcription.

Question 3

Why do transcription and translation take place in two different locations?

Accepted Answer

DNA is located in the nucleus while the ribosomes required for translation are located in the cytoplasm. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where DNA is transcribed into mRNA. The mRNA carries the code out of the nucleus to the ribosomes, which are located in the cytoplasm, where translation occurs to produce proteins. Thus, transcription and translation occur in two different locations.

Question 4

If there are 64 potential codons that code for various amino acids but only about 20 specific amino acids,what must be true about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

The fact that there are 64 potential codons but only about 20 specific amino acids indicates that multiple codons must code for the same amino acid. Therefore, D is the correct choice.

Question 5

The gene for one form of hemophilia is added to a harmless virus and then the virus is given to someone with the hereditary disease.The virus is acting as a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The gene for one form of hemophilia...

Question 6

Translation occurs at the ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Translation occurs at the ________....

Question 7

The amount of DNA can be increased when primers are heated with a mix of the original small amount of DNA,DNA polymerase,and nucleotides in the process known as ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The amount of DNA can be increased...

Question 8

Changes in the DNA are called ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Changes in the DNA are called ________....

Question 9

If you could not synthesize nor acquire deoxyribose in any way,you could not make the nucleic acid ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If you could not synthesize nor acquire...

Question 10

The p53 gene is a tumor-suppressing gene that prevents damaged cells from undergoing cell division.If this gene ceases to function due to a mutation what will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

When the p53 gene ceases to function due to a mutation, the cell loses its ability to prevent damaged cells from undergoing cell division. As a result, uncontrolled cell division will occur, leading to the formation of tumors. Choice A is incorrect because the tumors will not be suppressed. Choice B is incorrect because the cell will continue to divide uncontrollably. Choice D is incorrect because the cell will not be prevented from undergoing division.

Question 11

UV rays from the sun cause a specific type of improper base pairing called a thymine dimer.If a cell cannot correct this problem,the section of DNA can be removed,causing a deletion of several nucleotides.What will this cause?

Accepted Answer

Since UV rays cause a deletion of several nucleotides, the codons could shift by one letter and all the codons after that point would be off. This type of mutation is called a frameshift mutation, which alters the reading frame of the gene and can drastically change the resulting protein sequence. Option A is incorrect because a thymine dimer would not cause a point mutation, and option B is unlikely since changes in a handful of amino acids requires multiple adjacent nucleotides to be deleted. Option C is also incorrect, as a single deletion would only cause a frameshift for the codons following the mutation, not before.

Question 12

________ are small pieces of DNA separate from the bacterial chromosome.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ are small pieces of DNA separate...

Question 13

The end product of transcription is the production of a(n)________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The end product of transcription is the...

Question 14

A (n)________ is composed of one sugar (deoxyribose or ribose),one phosphate,and one nitrogenous base.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A (n)________ is composed of one sugar...

Question 15

DNA fingerprinting is now widely used to tie a particular suspect to the DNA samples found at a crime scene.What benefits can be derived from this technology in fighting crime?

Accepted Answer

All of the benefits listed in options A, B, and C are true. DNA fingerprinting can be highly accurate in identifying suspects and can help law enforcement exclude innocent individuals more quickly. It can also be used to prove the innocence or guilt of those who have already been convicted, as well as to help build stronger cases for prosecution. Overall, DNA fingerprinting has become a crucial tool for fighting crime and ensuring justice is served.

Question 16

The ________ is used to convert the linear sequences of bases in DNA to the sequence of amino acids in proteins.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The ________ is used to convert the...

Question 17

Point mutations can occur in any given cell type,but they mostly only affect that one cell and cells produced by it.What cell type,if mutated,would allow the mutation to be passed on to family members for generations?

Accepted Answer

Only mutations that occur in gametes (eggs or sperm) can be passed on to offspring and affect multiple generations. Mutations in other cell types generally only affect the individual who has the mutation and any cells that are produced from those mutated cells. Therefore, gametes are the only choice that fits the criteria of passing on mutations to family members for generations.

Question 18

A new antibiotic is developed that interferes with the way tRNA fits into bacterial ribosomes.How would this kill them?

Accepted Answer

The interference with tRNA fitting into ribosomes would inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria. Proteins are essential for basic metabolic functions, such as the production of enzymes, so the inability to produce proteins would result in the death of the bacteria.

Question 19

RNA usually is ________ stranded

Accepted Answer

The answer of RNA usually is ________ stranded...

Question 20

________ is attached to a specific amino acid and transports it to the appropriate region of mRNA.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is attached to a specific amino...

Quiz 21: Dna and Biotechnology