Question 1

________ --what you expect to perceive-determines, to a large extent, what you actually see, hear, feel, taste, and smell.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual set refers to the mental predisposition to perceive something in a particular way. It can be influenced by past experiences, expectations, cultural background, and other factors. For example, if you expect to see a certain object in a scene, you may be more likely to notice it and less likely to notice other objects that don't fit your expectation. This can affect all aspects of perception, including vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.

Question 2

For instance, if you stare at a single unmoving light in a dark room for a few seconds, the light will appear to begin moving, a phenomenon called ________ .

Accepted Answer

The autokinetic illusion is the perception of movement in a stationary object, usually observed when staring at a fixed point of light in a dark environment. The psi phenomenon refers to the illusion of motion in a sequence of still images, the Müller-Lyer illusion involves the perception of line length, and the saccade illusion is a distortion of visual perception during rapid eye movement.

Question 3

Making sense of a word written in faded scribble by naming each letter utilizes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Making sense of a word written in...

Question 4

________ is defined as the process of sorting through sensations and selecting some of them for further processing.

Accepted Answer

The process of sorting through sensations and selecting some of them for further processing is known as attention. Option A (Subliminal cognition) refers to the processing of information below the threshold of conscious awareness. Option B (Cognitive processing) is a broad term that encompasses all mental processes involved in thinking, remembering, and problem-solving. Option C (Automatic mental processing) refers to mental processes that occur without conscious effort or awareness.

Question 5

Looking out over the ploughed Iowa cornfield, you see that the rows near to you have great detail of pieces of dark soil but rows far from you look more uniform in colour and consistency. This is an example of the depth cue of

Accepted Answer

This scenario describes the texture gradient depth cue, where objects or textures appear more detailed up close and less detailed as they move further away. This is because the texture or details become smaller and more compact as they recede into the distance.

Question 6

Which of the following statements would be true of people who have lost the sight in one eye?

Accepted Answer

People who have lost the sight in one eye can still use monocular depth cues such as texture gradient, linear perspective, and relative size to perceive depth. They cannot use binocular disparity or convergence as these are dependent on having two functioning eyes. However, they can still perceive three dimensions through the use of monocular depth cues.

Question 7

Railroad tracks converging in the distance provide an example of

Accepted Answer

Railroad tracks converging in the distance create an illusion of depth through linear perspective. This phenomenon occurs when parallel lines appear to converge at a vanishing point in the distance.

Question 8

The information processing technique used in recognizing patterns that begins with the individual components of a stimulus is known as

Accepted Answer

Bottom-up processing is the information processing technique that begins with the individual components of a stimulus and gradually builds up a larger perception of that stimulus. This is in contrast to top-down processing, which begins with higher-level expectations and knowledge and uses that information to interpret incoming sensory information. Signal detection is a technique used to measure an individual's ability to detect the presence of a signal amid other sensory stimuli, and feature detection is a specific type of bottom-up processing used to identify specific features or components of a stimulus (such as recognizing individual letters in a word).

Question 9

When moving in a vehicle, close objects seem to move in the opposite direction and far objects seem to move in the same direction. This phenomenon is called

Accepted Answer

The phenomenon described is motion parallax, where objects closer to the observer move faster and in the opposite direction to the observer's movement, while objects farther away move more slowly in the same direction as the observer's movement.

Question 10

The muscles that control the movement of the eyeballs provide the depth cue called

Accepted Answer

The muscles that control the movement of the eyeballs work together to move both eyes inward or outward, allowing for convergence or the pointing of the eyes at a near object. This provides a depth cue because the amount of convergence required to focus on a nearby object is greater than that required for a farther object.

Question 11

If one object partially obscures another object in a painting, the artist has used ________ as a cue to the relative distance of the objects from the viewer.

Accepted Answer

Interposition, or the fact that one object is partially covering another, is a clear cue to the relative distance of the objects from the viewer. The object that is being covered is farther away from the viewer, while the object that is covering it is closer. Relative size, linear perspective, and convergence can also be cues to distance, but they are not specifically related to one object obscuring another.

Question 12

An illusion is

Accepted Answer

An illusion is a misperception of a real stimulus, which can occur due to the limitations of the sensory system, cognitive biases, or other factors. It is different from an imaginary sensation that is purely subjective and not based on any external stimulus. While illusions may involve impossible figures or figure-ground reversals, these are only specific types of illusions and not the defining characteristics of illusions in general.

Question 13

You see two of the same type of bus down the street. Even though one bus looks larger than the other, you assume that they are the same size and that the larger appearing bus is closer to you. This assumption is based on your knowledge of

Accepted Answer

This assumption is based on the principle of relative size, which states that objects of the same type but different sizes will appear smaller if they are farther away and larger if they are closer. Even though one bus looks larger than the other, we assume they are the same size because we know that distance can affect the perceived size of objects of the same type. The other options (interposition, convergence, binocular disparity) do not apply or are not relevant in this scenario.

Question 14

In order to create the perception of depth painters sometimes use all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Convergence is a binocular cue for depth perception that involves the inward angle of the eyes focusing on a close object, not a technique used in painting.

Question 15

One building partly blocking another is an example of

Accepted Answer

Interposition occurs when one object partially blocks another. In this case, the building in front is partially blocking the building behind it. Linear perspective is when parallel lines appear to converge in the distance. Relative size is when objects appear smaller in the distance. Motion parallax is the apparent movement of objects as we move our head or eyes.

Question 16

Monocular depth cues include all of the following except

Accepted Answer

Binocular disparity is not a monocular depth cue. It requires the use of both eyes to perceive depth.

Question 17

The information processing technique used in recognizing patterns, which utilizes past experiences and knowledge of the context of a stimulus, is known as

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing refers to the use of prior knowledge and context in recognizing patterns and understanding stimuli. This approach involves using past experiences and expectations to guide perception, rather than simply relying on sensory input (bottom-up processing) or feature detection (looking for specific characteristics). Signal detection refers to the ability to distinguish a signal from background noise, which is a separate concept from pattern recognition.

Question 18

Making sense of a word with a mistyped letter by reading the context of the word utilizes

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing involves using prior knowledge, context, and expectations to make sense of sensory input. In this case, reading the context of the word with a mistyped letter allows us to make an educated guess about what the intended word might be.

Question 19

Compared to people in modern societies, people in tribal societies who live in round dwellings and have little experience with interior and exterior corners are less likely to be fooled by

Accepted Answer

People in tribal societies who live in round dwellings and have little experience with interior and exterior corners may be less susceptible to the Müller-Lyer illusion, which is based on visual cues that are commonly associated with corners and angles found in Western buildings. However, they may still experience the phi phenomenon, linear perspective, and Ponzo illusion, as these are based on more fundamental visual processes.

Question 20

Tim had to wear a patch over one eye for two weeks. Which of the following depth cues was he not able to use during that time?

Accepted Answer

Tim was not able to use binocular disparity, which is the difference in the images seen by each eye that provides a depth cue. Since he had to wear a patch over one eye, he could only rely on monocular depth cues such as relative size, interposition, and motion parallax.

Quiz 3: Sensation and Perception