Question 1

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract,

Accepted Answer

When the diaphragm and external intercostal muscles contract, the volume of the thorax (chest cavity) increases, leading to a decrease in pressure within the lungs, which then facilitates inhalation of air.

Question 2

________ involves active inspiratory and expiratory movements and calls on accessory muscles to assistwith inhalation, while exhalation involves contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and sometimes abdominal muscles, too.

Accepted Answer

Forced breathing involves active use of accessory muscles during inhalation and sometimes the abdominal muscles during exhalation. The other options do not involve active use of accessory muscles.

Question 3

The term ________ describes the result from an injury that permits air to leak into the intrapleural space.

Accepted Answer

Pneumothorax is the term used to describe the presence of air in the pleural cavity, which can cause the lung to collapse. Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung, pulmonary edema is a buildup of fluid in the lungs, and emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Question 4

________ is the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle.

Accepted Answer

Tidal volume refers to the amount of air that moves into the respiratory system during a single respiratory cycle. It is typically around 500 mL in healthy adults.

Question 5

________ = respiratory rate × (tidal volume - anatomic dead space)

Accepted Answer

Alveolar ventilation rate is the volume of air that reaches the alveoli for gas exchange per minute. It is calculated as respiratory rate multiplied by tidal volume minus anatomic dead space.

Question 6

Boyle's law of gases states that

Accepted Answer

Boyle's law states that if the volume of a gas increases, the pressure will decrease, and vice versa, provided that the temperature and number of gas molecules remain constant. This relationship is expressed as PV = k, where P is pressure, V is volume, and k is a constant. Therefore, choice E matches with Boyle's law.

Question 7

Use of the accessory respiratory muscles is characteristic of forced breathing, or

Accepted Answer

Forced breathing, or hyperpnea, involves the use of accessory respiratory muscles to increase ventilation beyond normal levels.

Question 8

Which of the following can be calculated if the tidal volume and respiratory rate are known?

Accepted Answer

Respiratory minute volume can be calculated by multiplying tidal volume and respiratory rate together.

Question 9

Quiet breathing is to ________ as shallow breathing is to ________.

Accepted Answer

Eupnea refers to normal, quiet breathing, while costal breathing is shallow breathing that involves the ribcage and is also known as thoracic breathing.

Question 10

The function of pulmonary ventilation is to

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary ventilation primarily aims to maintain adequate alveolar ventilation, ensuring that fresh air reaches the alveoli for efficient gas exchange.

Question 11

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate will

Accepted Answer

Increasing the alveolar ventilation rate means more air is moving in and out of the lungs, which leads to a decrease in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli. This occurs because carbon dioxide is being removed at a faster rate, resulting in more efficient gas exchange. This also helps maintain an appropriate pH level in the body.

Question 12

As an astronaut is lifted into Earth's orbit, what is the first change to take place in response to thedrop in cabin pressure?

Accepted Answer

As the cabin pressure drops, the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli also drops, leading to a decrease in alveolar PO2. This can cause hypoxia and lead to physiological responses such as decreased hemoglobin saturation and increased alveolar ventilation rate. However, the first change to take place is the decrease in alveolar PO2.

Question 13

While playing in an intramural football game, Joe is tackled so hard that he breaks a rib. He can actuallyfeel a piece of the rib sticking through the skin and he is having a difficult time breathing. Joe is probably suffering from

Accepted Answer

The symptoms described by Joe are characteristic of a pneumothorax, which is a condition in which air enters the pleural space, causing the lung to collapse and making it difficult to breathe. The piece of rib sticking through the skin suggests that the injury may have punctured the lung and caused the air leak. A collapsed trachea, obstruction in the bronchi, decreased surfactant production, and a bruised diaphragm are all possible respiratory problems but are less likely given the specific symptoms described by Joe.

Question 14

When the inspiratory muscles relax, the rib cage returns to its original position as a result of

Accepted Answer

Elastic rebound refers to the natural tendency of the lungs and chest wall to return to their original position after being stretched during inhalation. This is due to the elastic properties of the lung tissue and chest wall, and does not require any active muscle contraction.

Question 15

The ________ of the lungs is an indication of their expandability, how easily the lungs expand and contract.

Accepted Answer

Compliance is a measure of how easily the lungs can expand and contract in response to changes in pressure. High compliance means the lungs are easily stretched and can hold a large volume of air, while low compliance means the lungs are stiff and resist expansion.

Question 16

If a patient inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible, the volume of air expelled would be the patient's

Accepted Answer

The volume of air expelled by a patient after inhaling as deeply as possible and then exhaling as much as possible is the vital capacity, which is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after taking the deepest breath possible.

Question 17

Which of the following descriptions best matches the term external intercostal?

Accepted Answer

The external intercostal muscles are the primary muscles of inspiration.

Question 18

________ is the amount of air that you can inhale above the resting tidal volume.

Accepted Answer

The inspiratory reserve volume is the amount of air that can be inhaled above the normal tidal volume.

Question 19

Expiratory movements are produced by contraction of the ________ muscle.

Accepted Answer

Expiratory movements are produced by the contraction of the internal intercostal muscle. The internal intercostal muscle is located between the ribs and functions to pull the ribs downward and inward during expiration.

Question 20

Alveolar ventilation refers to the

Accepted Answer

Alveolar ventilation refers specifically to the movement of air into and out of the alveoli, which are the tiny air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place between the air and the bloodstream. This is different from overall lung ventilation, which includes the movement of air in and out of the entire respiratory system.

Quiz 23: The Respiratory System