Question 1

A hallucination is
A) another name for an illusion.
B) a distorted or misleading perception of stimuli that actually exists.
C) a perception of objects or events that have no external reality.
D) characterized by none of these.

Accepted Answer

A hallucination is a perception of objects or events that have no external reality. It is different from an illusion, which is a distorted or misleading perception of stimuli that actually exists.

Question 2

Studies of people who have had their vision restored after a lifetime of blindness found that it takes time for these people to learn to organize their sensations into
A) sensory habituations.
B) sensory sets.
C) realizations.
D) perceptions.

Accepted Answer

Perceptions refer to the interpretation of sensory information by the brain, which is necessary for making sense of sensory input. Therefore, it is likely that people who have had their vision restored after a lifetime of blindness must learn to organize their sensations into perceptions.

Question 3

Distorted perceptions of stimuli that actually exist is the definition of
A) hallucinations.
B) psychosis.
C) illusions.
D) delusions.

Accepted Answer

Illusions are the misinterpretations or distortions of real stimuli present in the environment. Hallucinations, on the other hand, involve perception of stimuli that are not actually there. Psychosis is a broad term that refers to a mental state characterized by a loss of touch with reality, which may include hallucinations and delusions. Delusions are false beliefs that persist even in the face of contradictory evidence.

Question 4

Perceptual misconstruction is responsible for misleading or distorted perceptions known as
A) illusions.
B) hallucinations.
C) physiological nystagmus.
D) sensory habituations.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual misconstruction refers to errors in our perceptual processes that lead to inaccuracies and misinterpretations of sensory information. Illusions are a common example of perceptual misconstruction, where our brain misinterprets sensory information to create a distorted perception of reality. Therefore, choice A is the best answer. Hallucinations, physiological nystagmus, and sensory habituations are not necessarily examples of perceptual misconstruction, but rather are related to a range of other sensory or cognitive processes.

Question 5

You are asked to look through an opening into what appears to be an ordinary room that has a small boy standing in the left corner.As the boy walks from the left corner to the right corner,he appears to grow very large.You have just experienced the illusion created by
A) retinal disparity.
B) the Gestalt principle of contiguity.
C) physiological nystagmus.
D) the Ames room.

Accepted Answer

The illusion described is known as the Ames room illusion, which is a famous example of a distorted room that plays with depth perception. The shape of the room and the placement of the two people inside it fool the viewer's brain into thinking they are both standing at the same distance, when in reality they are not. This creates the illusion that the person who is farther away is much smaller than the person who is closer, even though they are actually the same size. This illusion is not created by retinal disparity, the Gestalt principle of contiguity, or physiological nystagmus.

Question 6

After a lifetime of blindness,newly sighted people must learn to
A) identify objects.
B) judge sizes and distances.
C) interpret handwriting.
D) do all of these.

Accepted Answer

Since the individual in question is newly sighted, they would need to learn all of the skills listed, such as identifying objects, judging sizes and distances, and interpreting handwriting.

Question 7

Perceptual misconstruction occurs when viewing the Ames room because
A) our ordinary assumptions about the shape of the room are violated.
B) observers have prior knowledge of the experiment and expect bizarre experiences.
C) retinal disparity occurs and results in the phenomenon known as motion parallax.
D) of the autokinetic effect.

Accepted Answer

Perceptual misconstruction occurs because our ordinary assumptions about the shape of the room are violated. The Ames room is designed to create an optical illusion and deliberately distorts visual perception, making the room appear to be a different shape than it actually is.

Question 8

Perceiving objects or events that have no external reality describe
A) hallucinations.
B) stroboscopic movement.
C) figure-ground images.
D) illusions.

Accepted Answer

Hallucinations are perceptions of objects or events that have no external reality, usually due to a mental or neurological disorder. Stroboscopic movement is a perceptual phenomenon where rapid succession of images create the illusion of movement. Figure-ground images refer to the organization of visual information into a foreground and a background. Illusions are misinterpretations of sensory information.

Question 9

Perceptions can be misconstructed as they are filtered through
A) our needs.
B) our attitudes, values, and beliefs.
C) our expectations.
D) all of these.

Accepted Answer

Perceptions can be misconstructed as they are filtered through our needs, attitudes, values, and beliefs, as well as our expectations. All of these factors can influence how we perceive or interpret information, leading to potential misunderstandings or inaccurate perceptions.

Question 10

One of the authors of your psychology textbook described what appeared to be an apparent murder,but it turned out to be something quite different.The girl's words that "someone is killing her father" had completely shaped the author's perceptions.This illustrates that our experiences are filtered through our expectations and beliefs to form
A) attentional creations.
B) perceptual constructions.
C) sensory accommodations.
D) assimilated constructs.

Accepted Answer

The scenario described in the question illustrates perceptual constructions, which refers to how our expectations and beliefs shape our interpretation of sensory information. The author's belief that a murder was taking place influenced how they perceived and interpreted the girl's words.

Question 11

Reality testing is defined as
A) obtaining additional information to check the accuracy of one's perceptions.
B) an initial guess regarding how to organize a stimulus pattern.
C) changes in perception that can be attributed to prior experience.
D) the well-established patterns of perceptual organization and attention.

Accepted Answer

Reality testing is the process of obtaining additional information to check the accuracy of one's perceptions. It involves checking whether what we perceive is consistent with what others perceive and with what we know to be true.

Question 12

In the Ames room,people appear to grow larger or smaller as they walk from one side of the room to the other because
A) retinal disparity occurs and causes motion parallax.
B) the room illustrates the reversibility of figure-ground objects.
C) accommodation cannot be maintained with movement by the people.
D) the observer's perceptual construction of the room is based on the assumption that the room is square.

Accepted Answer

The Ames room works by exploiting the viewer's assumption that the room is a typical rectangular shape. However, the room is actually distorted, with one corner much farther away than the other. This creates an optical illusion that manipulates the viewer's perception of depth and distance, making one person appear much larger or smaller than the other.

Question 13

An imaginary perception,such as seeing,hearing,or smelling something that does not exist in the external world is called a(n)
A) illusion.
B) hallucination.
C) stroboscopic movement.
D) Müller-Lyer illusion.

Accepted Answer

A hallucination is an imaginary perception that is not based in reality and is often associated with mental illness or the use of drugs. Illusions are distorted perceptions of external stimuli, stroboscopic movement refers to the perception of motion when presented with a rapid series of still images, and the Müller-Lyer illusion is a visual illusion that involves the perception of line length.

Question 14

In the textbook is a photomosaic by Robert Silver that is made up entirely of small,individual photos.An infant or newly sighted person would see only a jumble of meaningless colors.However,most people say that they see a familiar picture.This illustrates that visual perception involves
A) the automatic recording of action potentials by the rods and cones.
B) finding meaningful patterns in complex stimuli.
C) the storage and retrieval of particular visual scenes into your vestibulary system.
D) habituating the image and assimilating it into an existing schema.

Accepted Answer

The fact that most people see a familiar picture in the photomosaic by Robert Silver illustrates the importance of finding meaningful patterns in complex stimuli. This is a fundamental aspect of visual perception and how we process information from the visual world. The other options, such as the automatic recording of action potentials by the rods and cones, storage and retrieval of visual scenes, and habituation and assimilation into existing schemas, are important processes in visual perception but are not directly illustrated by the example of the photomosaic.

Question 15

Which of the following would be good advice to help a person to minimize motion sickness?
A) Fix your vision on a nearby moving object.
B) Lie down if you can.
C) Breathe rapidly in short breaths.
D) Move your head from side to side.

Accepted Answer

Lying down can help minimize the signals to the brain that cause motion sickness by reducing the sensory input difference between what the eyes see and what the inner ear senses.

Question 16

A meaningful mental model of external events that is actively created by your brain is known as a(n)
A) attentional creation.
B) perceptual construction.
C) sensational accommodation.
D) assimilated construct.

Accepted Answer

The term that best corresponds with the given definition is "perceptual construction." This refers to the brain's active creation of a meaningful mental model based on external events. The other options are not as closely aligned with this definition.

Question 17

You are at a carnival and go into a fun house in which mirrors create distorted images of you and your friends,while flashing lights cause apparent "movements of objects" where there is no movement.These are examples of
A) sane hallucinations.
B) illusions.
C) figure-ground reversible figures.
D) contiguity.

Accepted Answer

The distorted images in the mirrors and the apparent movements of objects are examples of illusions.

Question 18

Physical properties of an object,such as length,position,motion,curvature,or direction are consistently misjudged in
A) illusions.
B) hallucinations.
C) physiological nystagmus.
D) sensory habituations.

Accepted Answer

Illusions are specific perceptual distortions that occur when certain physical properties of an object are misjudged. This can include misjudging length, position, motion, curvature, or direction.

Question 19

Like most experiences,seeing a "sunrise" is actually a mental model of an external event that is actively created by your brain.Thus,seeing a "sunrise" is a(n)
A) attentional creation.
B) sensational creation.
C) perceptual construction.
D) assimilated construction.

Accepted Answer

Seeing a "sunrise" is a perceptual construction because it is not a direct sensory experience but rather a mental interpretation created by the brain based on sensory input. The brain integrates information from various sensory systems such as visual, auditory, and proprioceptive to construct a coherent perception of the event.

Question 20

Obtaining additional information as a check on the accuracy of one's perceptions is called
A) perceptual expectancy.
B) perceptual set.
C) reality testing.
D) perceptual verification.

Accepted Answer

Reality testing is the process of obtaining additional information to verify the accuracy of one's perceptions. This helps to ensure that our perceptions are not biased or distorted by our expectations or past experiences. Perceptual expectancy and perceptual set refer to the influence of these factors on perception, while perceptual verification is not a commonly used term in psychology.

Quiz 4: B: Sensation and Perception

A hallucination is

Studies of people who have had their vision restored after a lifetime of blindness found that it takes time for these people to learn to organize their sensations into

Distorted perceptions of stimuli that actually exist is the definition of

Perceptual misconstruction is responsible for misleading or distorted perceptions known as

You are asked to look through an opening into what appears to be an ordinary room that has a small boy standing in the left corner.As the boy walks from the left corner to the right corner,he appears to grow very large.You have just experienced the illusion created by

After a lifetime of blindness,newly sighted people must learn to

Perceptual misconstruction occurs when viewing the Ames room because

Perceiving objects or events that have no external reality describe

Perceptions can be misconstructed as they are filtered through

Reality testing is defined as

In the Ames room,people appear to grow larger or smaller as they walk from one side of the room to the other because

An imaginary perception,such as seeing,hearing,or smelling something that does not exist in the external world is called a(n)

In the textbook is a photomosaic by Robert Silver that is made up entirely of small,individual photos.An infant or newly sighted person would see only a jumble of meaningless colors.However,most people say that they see a familiar picture.This illustrates that visual perception involves

Which of the following would be good advice to help a person to minimize motion sickness?

A meaningful mental model of external events that is actively created by your brain is known as a(n)

You are at a carnival and go into a fun house in which mirrors create distorted images of you and your friends,while flashing lights cause apparent "movements of objects" where there is no movement.These are examples of

Physical properties of an object,such as length,position,motion,curvature,or direction are consistently misjudged in

Like most experiences,seeing a "sunrise" is actually a mental model of an external event that is actively created by your brain.Thus,seeing a "sunrise" is a(n)

Obtaining additional information as a check on the accuracy of one's perceptions is called