Question 1

The most common error in the use of punishment for training or discipline is that it is

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common error in the use...

Question 2

Annie is being noisy and disrespectful,and her mother gives her a "swat" on her rear end.Annie immediately gets quiet.The next time Annie is being noisy and disrespectful,her mother is most likely to use punishment again.According to research,which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the use of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that the effectiveness of punishment, such as spanking, in preventing undesirable behavior is not as straightforward as the old adage "spare the rod, spoil the child" suggests. Many studies have found that while punishment might stop undesirable behavior in the short term, it does not necessarily lead to the development of self-discipline or teach the child about appropriate behavior. Moreover, excessive or harsh punishment can lead to negative outcomes, such as increased aggression, antisocial behavior, and poorer emotional adjustment in children. Therefore, the statement that sparing punishment would result in a child becoming "spoiled" is not supported by research, making it a false statement.

Question 3

Barry is making a decision concerning which job he will accept.He remembers how it was in similar jobs in the past and anticipates potential rewards and problems on each of these jobs.In choosing which job to take,Barry is using

Accepted Answer

Barry is using cognitive learning as he is using his own memory, perception, and thinking processes to make a decision based on his past experiences and anticipated rewards and problems. Operant conditioning, vicarious classical conditioning, and instrumental learning would involve more direct and observable behavior and reinforcement or punishment from external sources.

Question 4

Regarding punishment,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Punishment is typically used to decrease the likelihood of a behavior occurring again in the future by telling the person or animal that the behavior was "wrong." It does not teach new behaviors, and it does not necessarily tell the person or animal what the "right" response is.

Question 5

Although punishment has several drawbacks,it is most effective when

Accepted Answer

Punishment is most effective when combined with reinforcement, as it helps to teach and encourage the desired behavior rather than just suppressing the undesired one.

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended in the textbook to apply punishment?

Accepted Answer

The recommended ways to apply punishment according to the textbook include being consistent, providing an alternative desired response, and punishing immediately when possible. However, punishing a child when they are innocent and not addressing the mistake is not a recommended method.

Question 7

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

It is not best to show anger when punishing a person or animal as it can escalate the situation and create fear and anxiety. It is important to remain calm and in control during disciplinary actions.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended in the textbook to apply punishment?

Accepted Answer

Punishing in public and causing embarrassment is not recommended as it can harm the child's self-esteem and may lead to resentment towards the parent or authority figure. The other options, such as admitting mistakes, using counter conditioning, and taking away privileges or using verbal rebuke, are all recommended ways to apply punishment.

Question 9

As you enter the grocery store,your little daughter Marta spots a toy at the front of the store and begins to beg for it.According to the textbook,your best course of action would be to

Accepted Answer

The best course of action would be to ignore the whining and engage your daughter in helping you shop. This not only distracts her from the desired toy but also teaches her responsibility and involvement in the grocery shopping process. Spanking or buying her a toy would not be effective in the long-term and could reinforce negative behaviors. Getting angry with her would also not be productive and could cause unnecessary stress for both you and your child.

Question 10

Using punishment can be "habit forming" because putting a stop to someone else's irritating behavior can

Accepted Answer

Punishment can be "habit forming" for the person who applies it because it can negatively reinforce their behavior. When the irritating behavior stops, it removes an unpleasant condition for the punisher, thereby increasing the likelihood that they will use punishment again in the future. This is an example of negative reinforcement for the person applying the punishment, not for the person receiving it.

Question 11

Which of the following is important for the effective use of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Consistency in punishment is important to establish clear expectations and consequences for behavior, which can help children understand what is expected of them and how they are expected to behave. It can also help to prevent confusion or resentment if some children are punished while others are not.

Choice B is not a good option, as ignoring the feelings of the person being punished can lead to further resentment or negative emotional reactions.

Choice C is also not entirely accurate, as response cost can be effective for older children as well. The appropriateness of any given form of punishment may vary based on age, individual circumstances, or the severity of the behavior being punished.

Choice D is not a good option, as harsh punishment can sometimes have negative effects or be perceived as unfair or abusive. Punishment should be used in a measured and appropriate way, and should also ideally be paired with positive reinforcement for good behavior.

Question 12

To be most effective,punishment should be

Accepted Answer

Punishment alone is not as effective as punishment combined with reinforcement of alternate, desirable behaviors. This helps the child understand what behavior is expected of them and gives them a clear picture of what they should be doing instead of the punished behavior. Delayed punishment can also be effective to give the child time to reflect on their behavior, but it should not be excessively long. Expressing punishment with anger or doing it in public can have negative effects on the child's emotional well-being and behavior in the future.

Question 13

Memory,thinking,problem-solving,and the use of concepts and language are all involved in

Accepted Answer

Memory, thinking, problem-solving, and the use of concepts and language are all cognitive processes that are involved in cognitive learning. Operant learning (A) and instrumental conditioning (B) both focus on behavior and the consequences of behavior, while response-dependent learning (C) is not a recognized term in psychology.

Question 14

Regarding learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false because classical and operant conditioning do involve some mental elements, such as attention and perception.

Question 15

Which of the following is an effective recommendation for the use of punishment?

Accepted Answer

Consistency is key when it comes to using punishment effectively. It helps to create clear expectations and boundaries for children, and prevents confusion or resentment that can come from uneven or unpredictable punishment.

Question 16

Regarding punishment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Punishment does not necessarily tell a person or animal what the "right" response is, but rather only informs them of what response is deemed unacceptable. Punishment is not used to teach new behaviors, and it can become less effective when reinforcement is absent.

Question 17

Understanding,knowing,anticipating,or otherwise making use of higher mental processes is known as

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question involves the use of cognitive processes, which pertain to mental processes such as problem-solving, decision-making, and memory. Therefore, the correct option is cognitive learning. Option A, operant learning refers to the concept of learning through consequences, while option B, instrumental learning pertains to learning through association. Option D, Pavlovian cognition, is not a valid concept.

Question 18

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false. Research has consistently shown that using positive reinforcement and reward-based training is more effective and leads to better emotional well-being and behavior outcomes in both children and animals. Punishment-based methods can cause fear, anxiety, and aggression, and can harm the relationship between the trainer/disciplinarian and the learner.

Question 19

Marcy has a habit of taking toys from her sister.Which of the following would be the best way for Marcy's parents to correct this bad habit?

Accepted Answer

Reprimanding Marcy for taking her sister's toys is appropriate, but it is also important to reinforce positive behavior by rewarding her for sharing and cooperating with her sister. This will encourage her to continue exhibiting positive behavior instead of just simply punishing her for negative behavior. Spanking and severe response cost may be too extreme in this situation and can potentially harm the relationship between Marcy and her sister. Ignoring the habit may also send the wrong message that it is acceptable behavior.

Question 20

When Mark took some of his little brother's toys,his parents reprimanded him and then rewarded him for playing cooperatively with his brother and for sharing his toys with his brother.Mark's parents are using

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Mark took some of his little...

Quiz 6: C: Conditioning and Learning

The most common error in the use of punishment for training or discipline is that it is

Barry is making a decision concerning which job he will accept.He remembers how it was in similar jobs in the past and anticipates potential rewards and problems on each of these jobs.In choosing which job to take,Barry is using

Regarding punishment,which of the following statements is/are TRUE?

Although punishment has several drawbacks,it is most effective when

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended in the textbook to apply punishment?

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is NOT one of the ways recommended in the textbook to apply punishment?

As you enter the grocery store,your little daughter Marta spots a toy at the front of the store and begins to beg for it.According to the textbook,your best course of action would be to

Using punishment can be "habit forming" because putting a stop to someone else's irritating behavior can

Which of the following is important for the effective use of punishment?

To be most effective,punishment should be

Memory,thinking,problem-solving,and the use of concepts and language are all involved in

Regarding learning,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Which of the following is an effective recommendation for the use of punishment?

Regarding punishment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Understanding,knowing,anticipating,or otherwise making use of higher mental processes is known as

Regarding the use of punishment for training or discipline,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Marcy has a habit of taking toys from her sister.Which of the following would be the best way for Marcy's parents to correct this bad habit?

When Mark took some of his little brother's toys,his parents reprimanded him and then rewarded him for playing cooperatively with his brother and for sharing his toys with his brother.Mark's parents are using