Question 1

Acceptance into the nursing program requires that you have successfully completed eight hours of anatomy and physiology and three hours of college algebra and have an overall 3.0 grade point average.Your acceptance into the nursing program would be considered a __________ concept.
A) disjunctive
B) prototypical
C) conjunctive
D) relational

Accepted Answer

The acceptance into the nursing program is considered a conjunctive concept because it requires meeting specific criteria (successful completion of anatomy and physiology, college algebra, and a minimum GPA) in order to be accepted. All three criteria must be met in order to be considered for acceptance, making it a conjunctive concept.

Question 2

The best way to teach a child the concept of freedom would be to
A) relate the denotative meaning of freedom.
B) stress the history of the United States.
C) give the child examples of what freedom is and what freedom is not.
D) teach the child conceptual rules for the concept of freedom.

Accepted Answer

Giving the child examples of what freedom is and what freedom is not will help them understand the concept better. Relating the denotative meaning and teaching conceptual rules may be too abstract for a child to grasp, while stressing the history of the United States may not necessarily help them understand the idea of freedom in a broader sense. By providing concrete examples of what freedom looks like, such as being able to choose what to wear or having the ability to speak your mind, and what it doesn't look like, such as being controlled by someone else's decisions, the child can better understand what freedom means.

Question 3

Psychosis involves the person exhibiting either delusions or hallucinations or delusions and hallucinations.In this example,psychosis would be a __________ concept.
A) prototypical
B) conjunctive
C) disjunctive
D) connotative

Accepted Answer

Disjunctive concepts involve an "or" condition, where having either one of several possible attributes is enough to satisfy the concept. In this case, having either delusions or hallucinations (or both) qualifies for psychosis, making it a disjunctive concept.

Question 4

The DSM-IV has specific criteria and guidelines that help psychologists to determine the particular mental illness that a client is exhibiting.The use of the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV illustrates the use of
A) prototypes.
B) conceptual rules.
C) negative instances.
D) framing.

Accepted Answer

The use of specific criteria and guidelines in the DSM-IV exemplifies the use of conceptual rules, which are mental representations that provide a framework for understanding and categorizing information. The DSM-IV criteria help psychologists to compare a client's symptoms and behaviors to the established criteria for each mental disorder, assisting them in making a formal diagnosis. Although prototypes, negative instances, and framing may also play a role in the diagnostic process, they are not specifically addressed or emphasized in the DSM-IV.

Question 5

Which of the following is a formal guideline for deciding whether objects or events belong to a concept class?
A) prototype
B) conceptual rule
C) connotative meaning
D) lexigram

Accepted Answer

A conceptual rule is a formal guideline for deciding whether objects or events belong to a concept class. A prototype is a typical or idealized representation of a concept, connotative meaning pertains to the emotional or cultural associations a word carries, and a lexigram is a symbol used to represent a word in communication research with nonhuman animals.

Question 6

To be a "sports car," a vehicle must meet the criteria to be classified as "a car" and must also have a "sporty" look.Therefore,a "sports car" would be considered a __________ concept.
A) conjunctive
B) prototypical
C) disjunctive
D) relational

Accepted Answer

A conjunctive concept requires an object to meet all of a set of conditions. Since a "sports car" must fulfill all criteria of being a car plus having a sporty look, it fits the definition of a conjunctive concept.

Question 7

"A triangle must be a closed shape with three sides made of straight lines." This statement is an example of a
A) prototype.
B) positive instance.
C) conceptual rule.
D) disjunctive concept.

Accepted Answer

The statement describes a conceptual rule that defines what a triangle is as a closed shape with three sides made of straight lines.

Question 8

A concept defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features is a __________concept.
A) relational
B) conjunctive
C) disjunctive
D) connotative

Accepted Answer

A disjunctive concept is defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features. Relational concepts are defined by the relationship between objects or features. Conjunctive concepts are defined by the presence of multiple specific features. Connotative concepts are defined by the emotional or cultural associations attached to them.

Question 9

A motorcycle must have two wheels and an engine and handlebars.Thus,a motorcycle is considered a __________ concept.
A) conjunctive
B) prototypical
C) disjunctive
D) relational

Accepted Answer

A conjunctive concept is defined by the presence of two or more features simultaneously. Since a motorcycle must have two wheels, an engine, and handlebars all at once, it fits the definition of a conjunctive concept.

Question 10

Some people refer to a soft drink as either a "coke" or a "pop." Since the word used for a soft drink depends on where you grew up,this type of concept would be considered
A) relational.
B) conjunctive.
C) disjunctive.
D) denotative.

Accepted Answer

The concept of referring to a soft drink as a "coke" or a "pop" depending on where you grew up is relational, as it is based on how people relate to and use language in their social and cultural contexts.

Question 11

Which type of concept is defined by how its features are associated with each other or how the object is associated with it surroundings,such as being lopsided or larger?
A) relational
B) conjunctive
C) disjunctive
D) connotative

Accepted Answer

Relational concepts are defined by how features are associated with each other or how the object is associated with its surroundings. Examples of relational concepts include being lopsided or larger.

Question 12

An advertisement states that job applicants must have a B.S.degree in chemistry and three letters of recommendation.This illustrates a __________ concept.
A) prototypical
B) relational
C) disjunctive
D) conjunctive

Accepted Answer

The advertisement is setting two specific requirements for the job applicants, and both the requirements need to be fulfilled for the applicants to be considered. This demonstrates the conjunctive concept, as both conditions are necessary.

Question 13

Uncle,aunt,brother,and sister would all be considered
A) prototypes.
B) relational concepts.
C) disjunctive concepts.
D) conjunctive concepts.

Accepted Answer

Uncle, aunt, brother, and sister are all examples of relational concepts, as they are defined in relation to their connections to other family members.

Question 14

A father is helping his daughter to learn about animals.He points to a robin and eagle and explains that they are birds that fly,while the ostrich and penguin are examples of birds that do not fly.He then shows her pictures of a bat and a flying squirrel and tells her that these are not birds,but that the bat can actually fly and the flying squirrel can glide through the air.The To help his daughter learn the concept of "bird," the father is using
A) conceptual rules.
B) algorithms.
C) prototyping.
D) positive and negative instances.

Accepted Answer

The father is using positive and negative instances by showing examples of birds that fly (robin and eagle) and those that do not fly (ostrich and penguin). He also shows examples of animals that are not birds but can fly (bat) or glide (flying squirrel). By showing specific examples and non-examples, he is helping his daughter understand the concept of "bird." This approach is consistent with the use of positive and negative instances in concept learning.

Question 15

An advertisement states that job applicants must have an A.A.degree or two years of experience.This illustrates a __________ concept.
A) prototypical
B) relational
C) conjunctive
D) disjunctive

Accepted Answer

This is a disjunctive concept because it involves an "or" condition, meaning applicants can qualify by meeting one of two possible criteria: having an A.A. degree or having two years of experience.

Question 16

A class of objects that have two or more features in common ("and" concepts)is called a __________ concept.
A) relational
B) conjunctive
C) disjunctive
D) prototypical

Accepted Answer

A conjunctive concept requires objects to have two or more features in common. Relational concepts involve the relationship between two or more objects, disjunctive concepts allow for multiple acceptable features, and prototypical concepts involve the typical or most common features of a category.

Question 17

You are directed to go to the orientation session in Ivy Hall,which is the large building to your right as you enter the south entrance to the MCC campus.These directions illustrate __________ concepts.
A) prototypical
B) relational
C) disjunctive
D) conjunctive

Accepted Answer

The directions illustrate "relational" concepts because they describe the location of Ivy Hall in relation to the viewer's position and the south entrance of the MCC campus.

Question 18

In a pie eating contest,a "foul" is defined as: "Any use of the hands to remove the contents of the pie,any interference with another contestant,or any attempt to throw a pie at the judges." Used this way,the term "foul" is a __________ concept.
A) connotative
B) conjunctive
C) disjunctive
D) relational

Accepted Answer

The definition provided for the term "foul" lays out three separate and distinct actions that would qualify as a foul in the context of the pie eating contest. These actions are not related to each other, but rather are disjunctive, meaning that any one of them would constitute a foul, regardless of whether the others also occurred. Therefore, the best choice is C, disjunctive.

Question 19

Regarding concept formation,which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Children usually acquire concepts through positive and negative instances.
B) As adults, we often acquire concepts by learning or forming rules.
C) Rules are an efficient way to learn concepts, but examples remain important.
D) A class of objects that have two or more features in common is called a relational concept.

Accepted Answer

The statement "A class of objects that have two or more features in common is called a relational concept" is actually true, not false. Relational concepts refer to the relationships between objects or features, rather than simply identifying objects based on their individual features. For example, the concept of "above" or "before" relies on a relationship between two objects or events, rather than simply identifying features of the objects themselves.

Question 20

In baseball an "out" can occur when a player strikes out,if the player is tagged out while running the bases,or if he hits a ball that is caught by an outfielder.Thus,the concept of an "out" would be considered a __________..
A) prototypical
B) conjunctive
C) disjunctive
D) connotative

Accepted Answer

The answer of In baseball an "out" can occur when...

Quiz 8: A: Cognition,language,and Creativity

Acceptance into the nursing program requires that you have successfully completed eight hours of anatomy and physiology and three hours of college algebra and have an overall 3.0 grade point average.Your acceptance into the nursing program would be considered a __________ concept.

The best way to teach a child the concept of freedom would be to

Psychosis involves the person exhibiting either delusions or hallucinations or delusions and hallucinations.In this example,psychosis would be a __________ concept.

The DSM-IV has specific criteria and guidelines that help psychologists to determine the particular mental illness that a client is exhibiting.The use of the diagnostic criteria in the DSM-IV illustrates the use of

Which of the following is a formal guideline for deciding whether objects or events belong to a concept class?

To be a "sports car," a vehicle must meet the criteria to be classified as "a car" and must also have a "sporty" look.Therefore,a "sports car" would be considered a __________ concept.

"A triangle must be a closed shape with three sides made of straight lines." This statement is an example of a

A concept defined by the presence of at least one of several possible features is a __________concept.

A motorcycle must have two wheels and an engine and handlebars.Thus,a motorcycle is considered a __________ concept.

Some people refer to a soft drink as either a "coke" or a "pop." Since the word used for a soft drink depends on where you grew up,this type of concept would be considered

Which type of concept is defined by how its features are associated with each other or how the object is associated with it surroundings,such as being lopsided or larger?

An advertisement states that job applicants must have a B.S.degree in chemistry and three letters of recommendation.This illustrates a __________ concept.

Uncle,aunt,brother,and sister would all be considered

An advertisement states that job applicants must have an A.A.degree or two years of experience.This illustrates a __________ concept.

A class of objects that have two or more features in common ("and" concepts) is called a __________ concept.

You are directed to go to the orientation session in Ivy Hall,which is the large building to your right as you enter the south entrance to the MCC campus.These directions illustrate __________ concepts.

In a pie eating contest,a "foul" is defined as: "Any use of the hands to remove the contents of the pie,any interference with another contestant,or any attempt to throw a pie at the judges." Used this way,the term "foul" is a __________ concept.

Regarding concept formation,which of the following statements is FALSE?

In baseball an "out" can occur when a player strikes out,if the player is tagged out while running the bases,or if he hits a ball that is caught by an outfielder.Thus,the concept of an "out" would be considered a __________..