Question 1

Which of the following is responsible for our immediate,intuitive reactions,known as "thin-slicing"?

Accepted Answer

Our immediate, intuitive reactions are created by the cognitive unconscious, which processes information quickly and outside of conscious awareness. Thin-slicing refers to the ability to make quick judgments based on limited information, such as when we form first impressions of people or situations. The right and left brain and reflex arc are not directly responsible for thin-slicing.

Question 2

Regarding intuitive thought,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Intuitive thought often does not involve algorithms, which are step-by-step procedures for solving problems. Instead, intuitive thought relies on heuristics, which are mental shortcuts or rules of thumb that can be helpful but also lead to errors. Therefore, statement C is false.

Question 3

Which of the following types of thought may contribute to creative problem-solving,but can also lead to thinking errors?

Accepted Answer

Intuitive thinking can lead to creative problem-solving by generating new and unconventional ideas. However, it can also lead to thinking errors if it relies too heavily on assumptions or past experiences without considering alternative perspectives. Inductive and deductive thinking are more structured and logical, while convergent thinking focuses on finding the best solution within given parameters.

Question 4

Within only a few seconds,Ana determines that she does not wish to be at this fraternity party and makes a hasty exit back to her dorm.This immediate,intuitive reaction of Ana's is an example of

Accepted Answer

Ana's quick decision to leave the party is an example of "thin-slicing," which is the ability to make rapid judgments and decisions based on only a narrow window of experience or information. In this case, Ana likely relied on her intuition and past experiences to make a quick judgment about the party and her desire to be there.

Question 5

Psychologist Nalini Ambady asked people to watch three ten-second video clips of teachers they did not know and then rate these teachers.Compared to the year-end course evaluations made by actual students in the course,these intuitive ratings by these experimental participants

Accepted Answer

The intuitive ratings by the experimental participants showed a positive correlation with the year-end course evaluations made by actual students in the course.

Question 6

When the intuitive error of the representativeness heuristic is used in making decisions,this means that

Accepted Answer

When the representativeness heuristic is used, one selects wrong answers because they seem to match pre-existing mental categories. This can lead to errors because the matching may not actually be a significant indicator of the correct answer.

Question 7

Regarding the practice of "thin-slicing," which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

This statement is false because "thin-slicing" is not always faulty reasoning. In fact, it can lead to accurate judgments in certain situations.

Question 8

If asked,"Which is more probable? A.Number one ranked golfer Luke Donald will not be in the lead after the first round of golf of a tournament but will win the tournament.B.Number one ranked golfer Luke Donald will not be in the lead after the first round of golf of a tournament." Most people would answer A,although A is less likely to be true than B.According to Tversky and Kahneman,such faulty conclusions are based on

Accepted Answer

This faulty conclusion is based on the representativeness heuristic, which is the tendency to judge the likelihood or probability of an event based on how well it represents, or matches, our expectations or stereotypes of that event. In this case, people may perceive it as more representative or typical for the number one ranked golfer to win the tournament, even if they do not lead after the first round. However, the actual probability or statistical likelihood of that outcome may be lower than the probability that Donald will not be in the lead after the first round.

Question 9

A quick,impulsive thought that does not typically make use of formal logic or clear reasoning describes

Accepted Answer

Quick, impulsive thoughts that don't rely on formal logic or reasoning are often referred to as intuition. This type of thinking can be beneficial in certain situations, but it's not typically associated with deductive or inductive thinking, which rely more heavily on formal logic and clear reasoning. Although geniuses may use intuition in their thinking processes, it's not a defining characteristic of their cognitive abilities.

Question 10

Having a teacher you came to appreciate only after classes were well under way,or only after the course was over,demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

The statement suggests that the initial impression of the teacher was not positive, but as time passed, the individual came to appreciate the teacher's skills and abilities. This implies that first impressions can be wrong, and it is important not to base judgments solely on initial impressions.

Question 11

The error in intuitive thinking in which a choice is given greater weight if it seems to relate to what we already know is called the

Accepted Answer

The representativeness heuristic is the error in intuitive thinking in which a choice is given greater weight if it seems to relate to what we already know. The framing heuristic refers to how the way a question or choice is presented can influence our decision-making. The base rate refers to how frequently an event or condition occurs in a population, and the relational heuristic is not a recognized term in the field of psychology.

Question 12

If asked,"Which is more probable? A.Janice wears glasses and is a librarian.B.Janice is a librarian." Most people would answer A,although A is less likely to be true than B.According to Tversky and Kahneman,such faulty conclusions are based on

Accepted Answer

The faulty conclusion described is an example of the representativeness heuristic, where people make judgments based on how closely something resembles a prototype or stereotype, rather than on actual probability or evidence. In this case, the stereotype of a librarian as someone who wears glasses influences people to choose option A even though it is less probable than option B.

Question 13

Which of the following was being studied by Ambady when she showed three 10-second and then three 2-second clips of teachers and asked participants to rate the teacher?

Accepted Answer

Ambady was studying "thin-slicing," which is the ability to make quick judgments or assessments based on limited information or a brief encounter.

Question 14

Which two noted psychologists studied how people make decisions in the face of uncertainty and found that human judgment is often seriously flawed?

Accepted Answer

Kahneman and Tversky are known for their work on the psychology of decision-making, particularly in regards to how individuals make choices in uncertain or ambiguous situations. They found that humans often rely on heuristics or mental shortcuts which can lead to biases and errors in judgment.

Question 15

Malcolm Gladwell,in his book Blink,usually refers to our immediate,intuitive reactions to short segments of experience as

Accepted Answer

Malcolm Gladwell refers to our immediate, intuitive reactions to short segments of experience as "thin-slicing," which is the process of making quick judgments or decisions based on limited information.

Question 16

Intuition involves

Accepted Answer

The answer of Intuition involves
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Question 17

The tendency to select wrong answers because they seem to match pre-existing mental categories is referred to as the

Accepted Answer

The representativeness heuristic is the tendency to judge the likelihood of an event based on how well it matches a prototype or pre-existing mental category. This can lead to errors in decision making and selecting incorrect answers that seem to fit our preconceptions. Base rate refers to the actual frequency or probability of an event occurring, while framing and relational heuristics refer to different types of cognitive biases.

Question 18

Within only a few seconds,Ana determines that she does not wish to be at this fraternity party and makes a hasty exit back to her dorm.Which of the following was responsible for Ana's immediate,intuitive reactions to this "frat party"?

Accepted Answer

Ana's immediate, intuitive reaction to the fraternity party is attributed to her cognitive unconscious. This part of the brain processes information rapidly, without conscious awareness, allowing her to quickly assess the situation and decide it was not to her liking.

Question 19

According to Ambady,what was the shortest amount of time that subjects had to observe a teacher in order for their intuitive ratings to match the ratings of students who were in the teacher's class for the whole semester?

Accepted Answer

Ambady found that subjects needed only six seconds of exposure to a teacher to make intuitive ratings that matched the ratings of students who had been in the teacher's class for the whole semester.

Question 20

If asked,"Which is more probable? A.Snowboarder Shaun White will not be in the lead after the first run of a halfpipe competition but will win the competition,or B.Snowboarder Shaun White will not be in the lead after the first run of a halfpipe competition." Most people would answer A,although A is less likely to be true than B.According to Tversky and Kahneman,such faulty conclusions are based on

Accepted Answer

The answer of If asked,"Which is more probable? A.Snowboarder Shaun...

Quiz 8: B: Cognition,language,and Creativity