Question 1

The tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to an entire personality is known as

Accepted Answer

The tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to an entire personality is known as the halo effect.

Question 2

To assess personality,psychologists tend to use

Accepted Answer

To get a complete understanding of someone's personality, psychologists use a variety of methods including interviews, observation, and questionnaires or projective tests. Combining these different approaches allows for a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of an individual's traits, behaviors, and characteristics.

Question 3

A recent study found that computerized interviews were

Accepted Answer

The study found that computerized interviews were highly accurate at identifying mania and were also regarded as acceptable by the people being interviewed.

Question 4

A counselor is asking Lisa a series of questions in order to find out how she is feeling and what complaints or symptoms she has,while also observing Lisa's tone of voice,hand gestures,posture,and facial expressions.The counselor is using

Accepted Answer

A diagnostic interview is used to determine the presence of a mental health disorder or symptom. It involves asking a series of structured questions to gain information about the individual's experiences and symptoms. The counselor's attention to Lisa's nonverbal communication also indicates that this is a diagnostic interview, as nonverbal behavior can be useful in understanding an individual's emotional state. A personality questionnaire, situational interview, or projective interviewing are less likely to be used for this purpose.

Question 5

At one time or another,you may have noticed that when you say,"I think people feel...," you may be expressing your own feelings.This is similar to which type of measure used in psychological assessment?

Accepted Answer

Projection is the tendency to attribute one's own thoughts, feelings, and motives to others. In the given example, the individual may be projecting their own feelings onto others by assuming that others feel the same way they do.

Question 6

Which of the following is usually the first step in evaluating personality and an essential prelude to therapy,but which must be supplemented by other measures?

Accepted Answer

Interviews are usually the first step in evaluating personality and an essential prelude to therapy, as they allow the therapist to gather information about the patient and their issues. However, interviews must be supplemented by other measures, such as behavioral assessments and projective techniques, to get a fuller understanding of the patient's personality. Situational tests are another type of assessment that can be used, but they are not necessarily the first step in evaluating personality.

Question 7

Regarding the interview process,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

The statement "The interviewer's personality or gender rarely influences a client's behavior" is false. Research has shown that an interviewer's gender, ethnicity, and other characteristics can influence an interviewee's behavior and responses. This is known as interviewer bias.

Question 8

Jon is in the office of a potential employer.The conversation with his potential boss is informal with topics being taken up freely as they arise.Jon is undergoing a(n)

Accepted Answer

The way the conversation is flowing freely without a set structure or specific questions indicates that Jon is undergoing an unstructured interview. There is no specific format or set of questions being followed.

Question 9

In an unstructured interview,

Accepted Answer

In an unstructured interview, conversation is informal and does not follow a specific set of pre-planned questions. The interviewer may ask open-ended questions and let the conversation flow freely, allowing for more in-depth responses and the possibility of unexpected insights. The interviewer also does not determine which subjects are discussed, as the conversation is driven by the interviewee's responses. Situational tests are not typically used in unstructured interviews.

Question 10

Information about personality is obtained by asking a pre-planned set of questions in

Accepted Answer

A structured interview involves asking a predetermined set of questions in a standardized manner, which allows for consistency in the data collected. This method is commonly used to gather information about a person's personality traits and characteristics.

Question 11

One of the limitations of face-to-face interviewing is that

Accepted Answer

The answer of One of the limitations of face-to-face interviewing...

Question 12

Sarkita is in the office of a potential employer.She is being asked a series of questions that will be asked to all the potential employees.Sarkita is undergoing a(n)

Accepted Answer

Sarkita is undergoing a structured interview because all potential employees are being asked the same series of questions. This type of interview is more reliable and valid, as all candidates are assessed on the same criteria.

Question 13

The halo effect refers to the

Accepted Answer

The halo effect refers to the tendency to generalize a favorable or unfavorable first impression to unrelated details of personality. This can lead to bias in perception and evaluation of individuals, often resulting in inaccurate judgments.

Question 14

Formal personality measures

Accepted Answer

Formal personality measures are designed to be more standardized and reliable than casual judgments of personality. They often use established tests and questionnaires that have been tested for their reliability and validity. However, they are refinements of casual judgments in the sense that they attempt to measure the same traits and characteristics that we might observe in everyday interactions.

Question 15

A person identified as a "housewife," "college student," "high school athlete," "punk," "geek," or "ski bum" may be misjudged because of the

Accepted Answer

These labels can lead to misjudgments due to the interviewer's personal biases and preconceptions, as they might make assumptions about the person's character or abilities based on stereotypes associated with these roles or identities.

Question 16

Interviews are used to do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

Interviews are not used to control a client's behavior in therapy, as such control could be unethical and inappropriate. Interviews are used for other purposes like identifying personality disturbances, selecting people for jobs or programs, and gaining information through observing body language.

Question 17

At one time or another,you have probably "sized up" a potential date,friend,or roommate by engaging them in conversation,which would be similar to which type of measure used in psychological assessment?

Accepted Answer

The scenario described involves engaging in conversation, which is similar to an interview-style measure used in psychological assessment. This would involve asking open-ended questions and allowing the individual to speak and share information about themselves. Projection involves attributing one's own thoughts and feelings onto others, simulated testing involves creating a scenario to observe behavior, and objective questionnaires involve standardized questions with set response options.

Question 18

At one time or another,you have probably asked a friend,"When I am delayed I get angry.Do you?" This interaction is similar to which type of measure used in psychological assessment?

Accepted Answer

The scenario described is an example of a questionnaire, where one person asks another about their own experiences and attitudes.

Question 19

Which of the following involves direct questioning to learn about a person's life history,personality traits,or current mental state?

Accepted Answer

An interview involves directly questioning a person to gather information about their life history, personality traits, or current mental state. Situational tests involve placing a person in a specific situation to observe their behavior, while behavioral assessments involve analyzing a person's behavior in various settings. Personality questionnaire assessments involve having a person fill out a standardized questionnaire to gather information about their personality.

Question 20

If you rate a student highly on all traits on a college entrance form because the student is very likeable and attractive,you are illustrating

Accepted Answer

The halo effect is the tendency to rate someone higher on all traits because of one positive characteristic, such as being likeable or attractive.

Quiz 12: C: Personality