Question 1

In a free recall task, an individual is asked _____.

Accepted Answer

In free recall, an individual is asked to recall as much information as possible about a particular topic in any order, without any specific cues or prompts. The other options are not specific to this type of memory task.

Question 2

Lionel takes an exam in his French class.He is presented a word in English and asked to list the French equivalent.What type of memory task is Lionel completing?

Accepted Answer

Lionel's task involves being presented with a stimulus (the English word) and recalling the associated response (the French word), which is a type of paired-associates recall task. Free recall involves generating responses without any specific cues, while serial recall involves recalling items in a specific order. Recognition involves identifying a previously encountered stimulus from a set of options, and retrieval is a more general term that can apply to any task that requires accessing stored information from memory.

Question 3

Neville is memorizing parts of the brain for his psychology exam.Neville rehearses the information over and over,past the point of practice needed to recognize and list all of the parts of the brain.Which memory technique is Neville utilizing?

Accepted Answer

Neville is utilizing the memory technique of overlearning, which involves rehearsing information beyond the point of mastery or recognition in order to strengthen the memory and increase retention.

Question 4

A group of students make a presentation on theories of forgetting.Which student was assigned retrieval theory?

Accepted Answer

Apollo's explanation aligns with retrieval theory, which posits that forgetting occurs due to difficulties in accessing stored information, not because the memories are lost.

Question 5

All but which of the following are difficulties with the concept of repression,as presented by Freud?

Accepted Answer

Today, most experts do not agree that repression occurs, which makes it a difficulty with the concept of repression as presented by Freud. The other options (A, B, C, D) are presented as difficulties that support this view.

Question 6

When Louise told her friend about a book she had just read,she was able to provide a lot of details about the last several pages.This demonstrates the

Accepted Answer

Louise's ability to provide details about the last several pages of the book suggests that she has a strong recency effect, meaning that the information from those pages is still fresh in her memory. This is in contrast to the primacy effect, which refers to our ability to remember information from the beginning of a sequence, and the spaced and distributed practice effects, which relate to the benefits of spacing out practice sessions over time. The massed versus spaced practice effect refers to the comparison of studying a large amount of material in a short period of time versus spacing it out over a longer period.

Question 7

To avoid interference effects on memory,your text recommends all but which of the following?

Accepted Answer

To avoid interference effects on memory, it's recommended to space out study sessions, especially for similar material, to prevent confusion and enhance recall. Studying similar content back-to-back (E) can lead to interference, making it harder to remember each distinct set of information.

Question 8

In anterograde amnesia,there is

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia is a type of amnesia where a person is unable to form new long-term memories, although they may still be able to remember events that happened before the onset of their amnesia. This can be caused by damage to the hippocampus, which is responsible for creating new long-term memories.

Question 9

Jessica is participating in an experiment on memory.She has been asked to memorize a long list of word pairs.Once she has mastered the list,she will be asked a series of questions about which words were paired with each other.This is an example of a _____ test of memory.

Accepted Answer

Jessica is tasked with recalling word pairs, which is known as paired-associates recall. Free recall would involve her generating the words on her own without any prompts, while serial recall would require her to recall the words in a specific order. A recognition task would involve her identifying which words on a list she has seen before, and a time savings task involves demonstrating that she can complete a task faster with practice.

Question 10

Many people cannot say whether the doorknob is on the left or right side of their front door.This is most likely due to

Accepted Answer

Encoding failure refers to the inability to remember information due to failure in encoding or storing it properly in memory. In this case, people may not have paid enough attention or did not encode the information about the location of the doorknob on their front door, leading to the inability to recall it accurately.

Question 11

While taking her psychology exam,Edith is certain that she knows who developed the forgetting curve.She remembers studying it,and she can get a vague picture of where the material is in her textbook.Edith's certainty that she knows something,but inability to recall it is called

Accepted Answer

The specified scenario describes the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon, which is the experience of knowing that you know something, yet being unable to recall it.

Question 12

In retrograde amnesia,

Accepted Answer

Retrograde amnesia is a type of amnesia where there is a loss of previously formed memories, particularly long-term memories. This loss typically affects memories that were formed before the onset of amnesia, while the ability to form new long-term memories may remain intact. Therefore, new memories do not interfere with old memories and are not kept hidden from awareness.

Question 13

Which student is taking a test that is a recognition task?

Accepted Answer

A recognition task involves the ability to recognize or identify information, rather than generate it from memory or make connections between ideas. In this case, Melissa is presented with choices and must recognize the correct answer, making it a recognition task. The other options all involve recalling or generating information, making them not recognition tasks.

Question 14

In memory,as time passes between learning and recall,

Accepted Answer

The recency effect, which refers to the tendency to remember the most recently presented information better, weakens over time as more information enters short-term memory and displaces it. The primacy effect, which is the tendency to remember information presented at the beginning of a list better, remains relatively stable over time because this information has had more time to be encoded into long-term memory.

Question 15

Motivated forgetting is another name for

Accepted Answer

Motivated forgetting is another term for repression, which refers to the unconscious blocking of traumatic or painful memories as a defense mechanism.

Question 16

Repression was first proposed by

Accepted Answer

Repression was first proposed by Sigmund Freud as a defense mechanism in his psychoanalytic theory.

Question 17

Which theory of forgetting suggests that forgetting is the result of a failure to access stored memories?

Accepted Answer

Retrieval theory suggests that forgetting occurs when we fail to access or retrieve memories that are stored in long-term memory. This could be due to a variety of factors, such as lack of cues or interference from other memories.

Question 18

Most people consider recognition tasks to be easier than recall tasks,possibly because _____.

Accepted Answer

Recognition tasks provide more retrieval cues than do recall tasks, making it easier for us to identify the correct answer from the provided options. In contrast, recall tasks require us to actively retrieve information from memory without any prompts or cues, making them more difficult for most people.

Question 19

Why do students generally perform better on multiple-choice tests than on essay tests?

Accepted Answer

Multiple-choice tests provide more retrieval cues. With multiple-choice tests, students are given a set of answer choices that serve as cues to help trigger their memory of the correct answer. In contrast, with essay tests, students are required to retrieve information from memory on their own, without any external cues, which can be more challenging.

Question 20

In general,which type of memory task produces better retrieval?

Accepted Answer

Recognition involves identifying previously learned information when presented with a retrieval cue. This is often easier than recall tasks, as the correct answer is present in the options given. Therefore, recognition typically produces better retrieval than other memory tasks.

Quiz 6: Memory