Question 1

Your college has implemented a new policy on campus regarding underage drinking.You want to evaluate its effects.The purpose of your research is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your college has implemented a new policy...

Question 2

Determining whether a program designed to reduce burglary actually had the intended effect is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Evaluation involves determining whether an intervention or program has achieved its intended effects or outcomes, which is exactly what is being done in this scenario.

Question 3

Criminal justice research is organized around two basic activities: measurement and _____.

Accepted Answer

The two basic activities in criminal justice research are measurement, which involves collecting data and information, and interpretation, which involves analyzing and making sense of that data. Descriptions and variables are elements within these two activities, but they are not the overarching activities themselves. Objectives are the goals or purposes of the research, which can guide the measurement and interpretation processes.

Question 4

One way social science differs from our casual day-to-day inquiry is that _____.

Accepted Answer

Social science is a conscious activity because it involves deliberate and systematic methods of investigation, unlike casual day-to-day inquiry which is often informal and subconscious.

Question 5

If you have concluded that a particular pattern exists and have developed a general understanding of why, you may be tempted to ignore facts in the future that don't fit.If you do, you have just made what error?

Accepted Answer

Selective observation is the act of paying attention only to information that supports one's preconceptions while disregarding contradictory data.

Question 6

A _______is the most appropriate method for studying both general concern and fear for personal safety

Accepted Answer

A survey is the most appropriate method for studying both general concern and fear for personal safety as it allows for a large sample size and standardized questions, making it easier to compare and analyze responses. It also allows for anonymity, which can increase the likelihood of honest answers. Interviews and focus groups may be useful for gathering in-depth information from a smaller group, but may not provide as much generalizable data. Randomized trials are not appropriate for studying concerns and fears related to personal safety.

Question 7

When we attempt to answer questions about why something happens the purpose of our research is _____.

Accepted Answer

When we attempt to answer questions about why something happens, we are looking for an explanation. Exploration refers to the initial stage of research when we are simply trying to get a better understanding of a topic. Description is focused on providing details about a particular phenomenon, and application involves using research findings to solve practical problems.

Question 8

Three major aspects of the overall scientific enterprise are _____.

Accepted Answer

Theory provides a framework for understanding phenomena, data collection is necessary to gather information, and data analysis is essential in interpreting and making sense of the data collected. Funding is important, but it is not a major aspect of the scientific enterprise. Selective observation is not an accepted practice in science.

Question 9

What are the two major types of applied research?

Accepted Answer

The two major types of applied research are evaluating specific programs (such as educational or health programs) and policy analysis (such as analyzing the effectiveness of a government policy). Option A includes both of these types of research while B and D focus solely on criminal behaviors, which is not one of the major types of applied research. Option C includes policy setting, which is not one of the major types of applied research.

Question 10

The final stage of the research process is _____.

Accepted Answer

The final stage of the research process is application, where the findings are used to make decisions, solve problems, or contribute to the field of knowledge.

Question 11

An assertion must have both _________ and _________ support.

Accepted Answer

An assertion must be supported by both logical reasoning and empirical evidence. Logical reasoning ensures that the assertion is valid and reasonable, while empirical evidence provides the necessary data and facts to back it up. Question and answer, research and development may be part of the process in building an assertion, but they do not comprise the support needed to make it valid.

Question 12

You observe police activity in your city for one week, and then you describe what you observed.What type of study have you performed?

Accepted Answer

The study involves observing and describing police activity in the city for one week. This suggests a descriptive study, which aims to document and summarize a phenomenon without making assumptions or inferences about causal relationships.

Question 13

The keystone of inquiry is _____.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The keystone of inquiry is _____.
...

Question 14

What are the four purposes of research?

Accepted Answer

The four purposes of research are exploration (discovering new information), description (providing a detailed account of a phenomenon), explanation (understanding the causes and effects of a phenomenon), and application (using research findings to solve practical problems or improve situations). Option A correctly lists all four purposes. Option B includes funding, which is not a purpose of research but rather a means of supporting research. Option C includes "inquisition," which is not a recognized purpose of research. Option D has the same issues as option C.

Question 15

Social regularities represent _____.

Accepted Answer

Social regularities refer to the probabilistic patterns found in social behavior or occurrences. These patterns are not absolute or deterministic, but rather reflect the likelihood or probability of a particular response or outcome. Option B, C, and D are not accurate descriptions of social regularities.

Question 16

During observation, if you choose to follow "the exception that proves the rule," an idea that doesn't make any sense, you have made which error?

Accepted Answer

"The exception that proves the rule" is an illogical idea, as an exception actually disproves or weakens a rule rather than proving it. Therefore, choosing to follow this idea during observation would be an example of illogical reasoning.

Question 17

Reporting why some people believe that police are doing a good job while other people do not is an example of _____.

Accepted Answer

Explanatory research aims to understand why certain things are happening or why certain groups believe certain things. In this case, the research is exploring why some people believe police are doing a good job while others do not, which is an example of explanatory research.

Question 18

Which of the following is not included in the "CRAAP Test?"

Accepted Answer

The "CRAAP Test" stands for Currency, Relevance, Authority, Accuracy, and Purpose. Policy is not one of the criteria considered in the test.

Question 19

Justice organizations are increasingly using techniques of ______ to study patterns of cases and devise appropriate responses.

Accepted Answer

Problem analysis is the process of identifying and understanding the root causes of a problem. It is a critical step in developing effective solutions to problems.

Question 20

Whereas people often observe inaccurately, science avoids such errors by making ______ a careful and deliberate activity.

Accepted Answer

Science avoids inaccuracies by making careful and deliberate observations. Option A (reason) and option B (description) do not directly address the issue of avoiding inaccuracies in observations. Option C (fallacy) is incorrect as it refers to a mistaken belief or an unsound argument, which is not relevant to the context of the sentence.

Quiz 1: Criminal Justice and Scientific Inquiry