Question 1

Fred is a lactovegetarian.Which of the following foods does he eat?

Accepted Answer

Fred is a lactovegetarian, which means he excludes meat and seafood from his diet but still consumes dairy products such as cheese. Therefore, the best choice is option C (Cheese). Options A, B, and D are not suitable choices as they all contain animal products that Fred would not eat.

Question 2

An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response.

Accepted Answer

A food intolerance is a non-immune reaction, while a food allergy triggers the immune response. Since sulfite intolerance does not involve the immune system, it is considered a food intolerance.

Question 3

You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease.To make the soup according to the recipe,you need to cook chicken,celery,onions,barley,salt,pepper,bay leaf,and carrots in a large amount of water.Based on this information,how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat?

Accepted Answer

Barley contains gluten, which is unsafe for people with celiac disease. Therefore, replacing barley with rice will make the soup safe for your friend to eat. All the other ingredients are safe for consumption.

Question 4

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

Accepted Answer

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can lead to dehydration by increasing the need for water to eliminate waste products from protein metabolism.

Question 5

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine.Based on this information,Cameron has ________.

Accepted Answer

Phenylalanine is an amino acid found in protein-containing foods. PKU (phenylketonuria) is a genetic disorder that causes the accumulation of phenylalanine in the body, leading to serious health problems. People with PKU are required to limit their intake of foods that contain phenylalanine, such as meat, fish, eggs, cheese, and milk.

Question 6

Which of the following is a common sign or symptom of a food allergy?

Accepted Answer

All of the choices listed can be common signs or symptoms of a food allergy. Hives are a raised, itchy rash that can appear on the skin. Vomiting and/or diarrhea may occur after consuming a food allergen. Swollen lips or other facial swelling can also be a sign of a food allergy.

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

Edema is a major sign of protein-energy malnutrition. It is caused by the accumulation of fluid in tissues due to a lack of protein in the diet. This condition is commonly seen in regions of the world where poverty and food insecurity are prevalent.

Question 8

High-protein diets are associated with high urinary losses of calcium.

Accepted Answer

When the body breaks down protein, it produces acids that need to be neutralized. Calcium acts as a buffer to neutralize the acid, which can lead to high urinary losses of calcium. Therefore, high-protein diets are associated with high urinary losses of calcium.

Question 9

Which of the following statements about kwashiorkor is true?

Accepted Answer

All of the statements about kwashiorkor are true. Kwashiorkor is most common in developing countries, often develops in toddlers when their mother gives birth to another child, and results from consuming adequate energy but insufficient high-quality protein.

Question 10

You would like to bake a special pudding for a friend who has celiac disease.The original pudding recipe is made with eggs,flour,milk,sugar,vanilla,and butter.To make pudding that is safe for your friend to consume,you plan to substitute ________ for the ________ in the recipe.

Accepted Answer

Tapioca is a gluten-free alternative to flour, which is safe for people with celiac disease. It can be used as a thickener in pudding, and its texture is similar to that of flour. By replacing flour with tapioca, the pudding will still have a thick and creamy consistency, but without the risk of gluten contamination.

Question 11

Dallas,a healthy,active teenager,was diagnosed with PKU when he was only a few days old.In addition to foods that are manufactured to be low in phenylalanine,which of the following foods can he eat to meet his protein needs safely?

Accepted Answer

Baked potatoes are a safer option for someone with PKU because they are lower in phenylalanine compared to options B, C, and D, which are high-protein foods and thus high in phenylalanine.

Question 12

A person suffering from celiac disease must avoid ________.

Accepted Answer

A person with celiac disease must avoid consuming foods that contain gluten, which is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. Consuming foods containing gluten can cause damage to the small intestine and lead to a range of symptoms including abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea. It is important for those with celiac disease to avoid gluten completely in their diet.

Question 13

A child with protein-energy malnutrition has a high risk of dying from ________.

Accepted Answer

Children with protein-energy malnutrition have weakened immune systems, making them more susceptible to infections such as measles, which can be life-threatening. Hyperglycemia and diabetes are not typically associated with protein-energy malnutrition, and celiac disease is a separate condition that can lead to malnutrition but is not a direct cause of mortality.

Question 14

Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses?

Accepted Answer

Carrots and celery are not typically considered common allergens. While their proteins may cause allergic reactions in rare cases, they are not among the top eight allergenic foods (which include wheat, shellfish, peanuts, tree nuts, soy, milk, eggs, and fish) responsible for the majority of allergic responses.

Question 15

Which of the following foods is often responsible for causing an allergic response in susceptible persons?

Accepted Answer

Crab is a common food allergen that can cause an allergic response in susceptible individuals. Although wine, sunflower seeds, and blueberries can cause allergic reactions in some people, they are not as commonly associated with food allergies as crab.

Question 16

You would like to bake a special birthday cake for a friend who has celiac disease.The original cake recipe is made with eggs,flour,milk,sugar,vanilla,and butter.To make a cake that is safe for your friend to consume,you plan to substitute ________ for the ________ in the recipe.

Accepted Answer

Celiac disease is a condition where a person's immune system reacts negatively to gluten, which is found in wheat flour. Therefore, substituting the flour with cornmeal, which is gluten-free, would make the cake safe for the friend with celiac disease to consume. The other options, such as using water instead of milk or margarine instead of butter, would not make a significant difference in the gluten content of the cake. Using aspartame instead of sugar could also affect the taste and texture of the cake.

Question 17

Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts.While attending a classroom party,Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts,and she rapidly developed ________ as a result.

Accepted Answer

Anaphylaxis is a severe and potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs quickly and requires immediate medical attention. Exposure to peanuts can cause anaphylaxis in individuals who are allergic to them. Fibrosis, torticollis, and cirrhosis are unrelated medical conditions that do not apply to the scenario described.

Question 18

Gluten contains a peptide called ________ that,in those with celiac disease,can enter the intestinal mucosa and activate the immune system.  This then contributes to the destruction of villi and resultant inflammation.

Accepted Answer

The peptide that can enter the intestinal mucosa and activate the immune system in those with celiac disease is gliadin, which is found in gluten. Therefore, option A is the correct choice. Option B, C, and D are incorrect as celiactidase, glutenin, and glutopeptidase are not peptides found in gluten that contribute to the destruction of villi and inflammation in celiac disease.

Question 19

When Thompson was 5 years of age,he began to complain that his stomach hurt,especially after eating meals and snacks.He also experienced chronic diarrhea.His parents noticed that he could eat poultry,meat,dairy foods,fruits,and vegetables without developing any intestinal problems,but he would get a "tummy ache" soon after eating sandwiches,cookies,crackers,or pancakes.Based on this information,Thompson's parents should have him evaluated for ________.

Accepted Answer

Thompson's symptoms are typical of celiac disease, which is an autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the lining of the small intestine when gluten (found in wheat, rye, and barley) is consumed. This can lead to symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloating. Thompson's ability to eat certain foods without problems suggests that his symptoms are specific to gluten-containing foods. A medical evaluation including blood tests and possibly an intestinal biopsy can confirm a diagnosis of celiac disease.

Question 20

Which of the following grains does NOT contain gluten?

Accepted Answer

Millet is a gluten-free grain, while rye, graham flour, and semolina flour all contain gluten.

Quiz 7: Proteins: Amino Acids

Fred is a lactovegetarian.Which of the following foods does he eat?

An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response.

You would like to make chicken soup for a friend who has celiac disease.To make the soup according to the recipe,you need to cook chicken,celery,onions,barley,salt,pepper,bay leaf,and carrots in a large amount of water.Based on this information,how can you make the soup safe for your friend to eat?

Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to ________.

Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine.Based on this information,Cameron has ________.