Question 1

The flagship institution of the Pennsylvania System is ____________.

Accepted Answer

The Pennsylvania System is the name given to a correctional philosophy that was developed by the Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the early 19th century. Therefore, the flagship institution of the Pennsylvania System is Eastern State Penitentiary (Option A). Sing Sing (Option B) is a maximum-security prison in New York, Castle Island Fortress (Option C) is a historic fortification in Massachusetts, and Parchman Farms (Option D) is a Mississippi State Penitentiary.

Question 2

Which of the following was not characteristic of the reformatory era?

Accepted Answer

All of the options listed were characteristic of the reformatory era, so none of them were not characteristic.

Question 3

At the end of 2014,there were an estimated 744,600 individuals housed in local jails.__________ housed the largest number of jail inmates nationwide with 81,547 over the year.

Accepted Answer

According to the given information, California housed the largest number of jail inmates nationwide in 2014, with a total of 81,547 over the year. Therefore, the correct choice is option D.

Question 4

This reformatory era saw the introduction of _______ as an early release program to reward inmate's rehabilitative efforts.

Accepted Answer

Parole was introduced as an early release program during the reformatory era to reward inmate's rehabilitative efforts. Probation and community service are also forms of alternative sentencing, but they are not considered early release programs. Work release allows inmates to work outside of the correctional facility during the day and return at night, but it is not specifically meant to reward rehabilitative efforts.

Question 5

A __________ is a facility that is designed to house individuals for a period of time as a form of punishment for breaking the law.

Accepted Answer

While all of the options listed are types of correctional facilities, a prison is the most general term that can encompass both jails and penitentiaries. Jails are typically local facilities where individuals are held for shorter periods of time (such as pre-trial detention or while completing a sentence for a minor offense), while penitentiaries are usually larger, state or federal facilities for long-term incarceration of individuals convicted of more serious crimes. A work house is a historical term for a correctional facility where inmates were put to work (often in labor-intensive industries) as part of their punishment.

Question 6

__________ was the first penal institution to use individual cells and work details for inmates.

Accepted Answer

The answer of __________ was the first penal institution to...

Question 7

Most prisons are run by the ______ government.

Accepted Answer

Prisons are primarily operated and funded by the state government. While there are some federal prisons, they make up a smaller percentage of the overall prison population. Local and county governments may have jails or detention centers, but not typically large-scale prisons.

Question 8

Today,______ are used to house individuals who are awaiting criminal prosecution and are either not eligible for bail or cannot afford it.

Accepted Answer

Jails are used to house individuals who are awaiting criminal prosecution and are either not eligible for bail or cannot afford it. Prisons, reformatories, and penitentiaries are typically used to house convicted criminals who have been sentenced to a certain amount of time for their crimes.

Question 9

What year did the reformatory era emerge?

Accepted Answer

The reformatory era emerged in 1876, when Elmira Reformatory was established in New York.

Question 10

The reformatory era emerged in _________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reformatory era emerged in _________.
...

Question 11

In 1891,Carlos was sent to a prison facility where he was required to maintain total silence,and he was subjected to harsh whippings.Carlos was most likely serving time in what facility?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In 1891,Carlos was sent to a prison...

Question 12

The reformatory era emerged at __________.

Accepted Answer

The reformatory era emerged at Elmira Reformatory, which was founded in 1876 in New York State. It was the first reformatory in the US and became a model for other institutions to follow. Its goal was to rehabilitate offenders through education and discipline, rather than just punish them.

Question 13

Between 1900 and 1940,the _______ era dominated the prison landscape.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Between 1900 and 1940,the _______ era dominated...

Question 14

The _______ was a silent system in which inmates engaged in congregate labor systems.

Accepted Answer

The New York System, also known as the Auburn system, was characterized by inmates working together in silence, which contrasts with the Pennsylvania System where inmates were isolated from each other.

Question 15

_________ are managed by local city or county governments and are often staffed by the local police or sheriff.

Accepted Answer

Jails are typically operated by local city or county governments and are staffed by local police or sheriff's departments. Prisons, reformatories, and penitentiaries are typically operated by state or federal governments.

Question 16

The first penal institution to use individual cells and work details for inmates opened in _____ in 1776.

Accepted Answer

The first penal institution to use individual cells and work details for inmates opened in Philadelphia in 1776.

Question 17

The _________ was characterized by larger cells that allowed inmates to remain isolated from each other.This system of solitary confinement was developed to prevent inmates from corrupting one another.

Accepted Answer

The Pennsylvania System was characterized by larger cells that allowed inmates to remain isolated from each other. This system of solitary confinement was developed to prevent inmates from corrupting one another.

Question 18

________ first opened in 1831 with 800 cells.Over time,more units were added to increase the number of inmates that could be housed.The days were filled with corporal punishment and abuse of the prisoners in the name of "rehabilitation."

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ first opened in 1831 with 800...

Question 19

The earliest facility that embodied the concepts of the New York System was ______.

Accepted Answer

The New York System was first implemented at Auburn Prison in New York in the early 19th century. The system was characterized by the use of silence, the lockstep, and the striped uniform. It was seen as an improvement over previous methods of incarceration, which were often brutal and focused on punishment rather than rehabilitation. The Auburn System became the model for prisons throughout the United States and Europe.

Question 20

Which of the following was not characteristic of early jails?

Accepted Answer

Early jails were often overcrowded and lacked basic necessities, and prisoners sometimes had to pay for their own needs. Large cell sizes for multiple inmates were not a characteristic of early jails; instead, they were often cramped and overcrowded.

Quiz 11: Prisons and Jails