Question 1

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?
A) ​endocrine and exocrine nervous systems
B) ​upper and lower nervous systems
C) ​spinal and extremity nervous systems
D) ​central and peripheral nervous systems
E) ​cerebral and autonomic nervous systems

Accepted Answer

The two major divisions of the nervous system are the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all the nerves outside of the CNS.

Question 2

What is the term for delayed or slowed body movements?
A) ​akinesia
B) ​aneurysm
C) ​paraplegia
D) ​epilepsy
E) ​bradykinesia

Accepted Answer

​Bradykinesia is the medical term for delayed or slowed body movements. It is a characteristic symptom of Parkinson's disease. Akinisia (A) refers to an inability to initiate movement, while aneurysm (B) is a bulge in a blood vessel that can lead to rupture and other complications. Paraplegia (C) is paralysis of the lower half of the body, usually as a result of spinal cord damage, and epilepsy (D) is a neurological disorder characterized by seizures.

Question 3

What functional cell of the nervous system is responsible for transmission of information from one cell to another?​
A) ​nerves
B) ​neurons
C) ​ganglions
D) glial cells
E) ​lymphocytes

Accepted Answer

Neurons are the functional cells of the nervous system that transmit information from one cell to another. Nerves refer to bundles of these neurons. Ganglions are clusters of nerve cell bodies, which also contain neurons. Glial cells provide support and protection for neurons, but do not transmit information themselves. Lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune system, not the nervous system.

Question 4

What drug for epilepsy inhibits both vitamin D and folate metabolism?
A) ​valproate
B) ​carbamazepine
C) ​gabapentin
D) ​phenytoin
E) ​topiramate

Accepted Answer

Phenytoin is known to inhibit both vitamin D and folate metabolism, leading to potential deficiencies in these nutrients.

Question 5

What is the term for the body of a neuron?
A) ​dendrite
B) ​axon
C) ​filament
D) ​soma
E) ​myelin

Accepted Answer

The term for the body of a neuron is soma.

Question 6

What is the term for a loss of voluntary movement?
A) ​akinesia
B) ​aneurysm
C) ​paraplegia
D) ​epilepsy
E) ​bradykinesia

Accepted Answer

Akinesia refers to the loss of voluntary movement, specifically the inability to initiate movement. It is often associated with Parkinson's disease.

Question 7

What inhibitory neurotransmitter controls body posture and movement?
A) ​acetylcholine
B) glutamate
C) ​dopamine
D) ​serotonin
E) ​norepinephrine

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is an inhibitory neurotransmitter that plays a significant role in controlling body posture and movement, particularly in the basal ganglia, which is involved in motor control.

Question 8

What is the primary issue with attempting to feed stroke patients?
A) ​loss of taste sensation
B) ​reduced saliva production
C) loss of appetite
D) ​potential for weight gain
E) dysphagia

Accepted Answer

Dysphagia, or difficulty swallowing, is a common issue for stroke patients. This can make it difficult or dangerous for them to consume food and liquids, and may require specialized diets or feeding methods. The other options may also be present in stroke patients, but dysphagia is the primary issue related to feeding.

Question 9

What lifestyle factor is the strongest predictor of stroke risk?
A) ​cigarette smoking
B) ​alcohol consumption
C) ​taking illicit drugs
D) ​obesity
E) ​drinking soda pop

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking is the strongest lifestyle factor predictor of stroke risk. It increases the risk of stroke by increasing blood pressure, causing inflammation and reducing the amount of oxygen that can reach tissues in the body. Alcohol consumption, illicit drugs, obesity, and soda pop consumption can also be risk factors for stroke, but cigarette smoking has been found to be the strongest predictor among these factors.

Question 10

Extended seizure activity lasting over 5 minutes is called:
A) ​grand-mal
B) ​petit-mal
C) ​tonic-clonic
D) ​epilepsy
E) ​status epilepticus

Accepted Answer

Status epilepticus is defined as a seizure lasting longer than 5 minutes or as recurring seizures without regaining consciousness in between. It is a medical emergency that requires prompt treatment to prevent brain damage or even death. Grand-mal and tonic-clonic are types of seizures, but they do not specifically refer to extended seizure activity. Petit-mal refers to absence seizures, which are brief, non-convulsive seizures. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, but it does not necessarily involve extended seizure activity.

Question 11

What percentage of the population can expect to have a seizure within their lifetime?
A) ​5%
B) ​10%
C) ​20%
D) ​30%
E) ​50%

Accepted Answer

Approximately 10% of the population can expect to have a seizure at some point in their lifetime.

Question 12

The classic ketogenic diet is typically initiated with what macronutrient ratio?​
A) ​4 fat to 1 protein and carbohydrate
B) ​4 carbohydrate to 1 protein
C) ​4 protein to 1 carbohydrate
D) ​4 protein to 1 fat
E) ​4 carbohydrate to 1 fat

Accepted Answer

The classic ketogenic diet is typically initiated with a macronutrient ratio of 4 grams of fat to 1 gram of protein and carbohydrate combined. This high-fat, low-carbohydrate, and moderate-protein diet is designed to induce a state of ketosis in the body, where it switches from using glucose as its primary fuel source to using ketones generated from fat instead.

Question 13

Within what approximate time frame does necrosis (cell death) occur due to lack of blood,  oxygen and glucose supplied to the brain?
A) ​at least 30 minutes
B) ​20-25 minutes
C) ​12-18 minutes
D) ​4-10 minutes
E) ​1-3 minutes

Accepted Answer

Necrosis (cell death) can occur within 4-10 minutes due to lack of blood, oxygen and glucose supplied to the brain. Rapid intervention is necessary to prevent irreversible damage and maintain brain function.

Question 14

Epilepsy is considered as a diagnosis when there are how many unprovoked seizures?​
A) ​2
B) ​3
C) ​4
D) ​5
E) ​6

Accepted Answer

Epilepsy is typically diagnosed after a person has had at least two unprovoked seizures.

Question 15

In the United States, what demographic is at highest risk of stroke?​
A) ​Asian Americans
B) ​African Americans
C) ​Caucasians (European ancestry)
D) ​Native Americans
E) ​Hispanics

Accepted Answer

African Americans are at the highest risk of stroke in the United States due to higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, which are all risk factors for stroke. Additionally, African Americans are more likely to suffer from a severe stroke and have a higher mortality rate from stroke compared to other demographics.

Question 16

What disease or disorder is characterized by demyelination of cells within the CNS, inflammation, and development of scar tissue?
A) ​Parkinson's
B) ​multiple sclerosis
C) ​Alzheimer's
D) ​myasthenia gravis
E) ​amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Accepted Answer

Multiple sclerosis is characterized by demyelination of cells within the CNS, inflammation, and development of scar tissue. Parkinson's is characterized by the degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the brain. Alzheimer's is characterized by the progressive degeneration of brain cells and their connections. Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord.

Question 17

Where is the neurotransmitter dopamine produced within the brain?
A) ​pons
B) ​occipital lobe
C) ​substantia nigra
D) ​thalamus
E) ​hypothalamus

Accepted Answer

Dopamine is primarily produced in the substantia nigra, a region in the midbrain that is involved in motor control and the reward system. It is also produced in other regions such as the hypothalamus and limbic system.

Question 18

What symptom, visible in the hands, is characteristic of Parkinson's disease?​
A) ​blue discolor
B) ​red discolor
C) ​tremor
D) ​severe edema
E) ​swollen joints

Accepted Answer

Tremors, particularly a "pill-rolling" tremor between the thumb and forefinger, is a characteristic symptom of Parkinson's disease that can be visible in the hands.

Question 19

What type of diets are recommended for people with seizures / epilepsy?​
A) ​high carbohydrate diets
B) ​fruit-only diets
C) ​ketogenic diets
D) ​low-fat diets
E) ​dense protein diets

Accepted Answer

Ketogenic diets, which are high in fat and low in carbohydrates, have been shown to reduce seizures in people with epilepsy. This is because the body enters a state of ketosis, where it uses fat for energy instead of glucose. High carbohydrate diets, fruit-only diets, low-fat diets, and dense protein diets have not been shown to have significant impact on seizures in people with epilepsy.

Question 20

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?
A) ​endocrine and exocrine
B) ​upper and lower
C) ​sympathetic and parasympathetic
D) ​central and peripheral
E) ​voluntary and involuntary

Accepted Answer

The two branches of the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "fight or flight" response, while the parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for the "rest and digest" response.

Quiz 20: Diseases and Disorders of the Neurological System

What are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

What is the term for delayed or slowed body movements?

What functional cell of the nervous system is responsible for transmission of information from one cell to another?​

What drug for epilepsy inhibits both vitamin D and folate metabolism?

What is the term for the body of a neuron?

What is the term for a loss of voluntary movement?

What inhibitory neurotransmitter controls body posture and movement?

What is the primary issue with attempting to feed stroke patients?

What lifestyle factor is the strongest predictor of stroke risk?

Extended seizure activity lasting over 5 minutes is called:

What percentage of the population can expect to have a seizure within their lifetime?

The classic ketogenic diet is typically initiated with what macronutrient ratio?​

Within what approximate time frame does necrosis (cell death) occur due to lack of blood, oxygen and glucose supplied to the brain?

Epilepsy is considered as a diagnosis when there are how many unprovoked seizures?​

In the United States, what demographic is at highest risk of stroke?​

What disease or disorder is characterized by demyelination of cells within the CNS, inflammation, and development of scar tissue?

Where is the neurotransmitter dopamine produced within the brain?

What symptom, visible in the hands, is characteristic of Parkinson's disease?​

What type of diets are recommended for people with seizures / epilepsy?​

What are the two branches of the autonomic nervous system?

What functional cell of the nervous system is responsible for transmission of information from one cell to another?

The classic ketogenic diet is typically initiated with what macronutrient ratio?

Epilepsy is considered as a diagnosis when there are how many unprovoked seizures?

In the United States, what demographic is at highest risk of stroke?

What symptom, visible in the hands, is characteristic of Parkinson's disease?

What type of diets are recommended for people with seizures / epilepsy?