Question 1

Which of the following statements is false?
A)A preprophase band determines where a cell plate will form in a dividing cell.
B)The way in which a plant cell differentiates is determined by the cell's position in the developing plant body.
C)Homeotic genes often control morphogenesis.
D)Plant cells differentiate because the cytoskeleton determines which genes will be turned "on" and "off."
E)Arabidopsis was the first plant to have its genome sequenced.

Accepted Answer

While the cytoskeleton plays a role in determining cell shape and structure, it does not directly control gene expression in plant cells. This statement is therefore false.

Question 2

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?
A)herbaceous eudicot
B)woody eudicot
C)woody monocot
D)herbaceous monocot
E)woody annual

Accepted Answer

The presence of a taproot system, growth rings in the stem, and bark around the outside all suggest a woody plant. The fact that the plant is a eudicot (as opposed to a monocot) is indicated by the presence of growth rings, which are not typical of monocots. Therefore, the best choice is a woody eudicot, which is option B.

Question 3

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?
A)increases apical dominance
B)inhibits the growth of lateral buds
C)produces a plant that will grow taller
D)stimulates lateral buds to grow
E)increases the flow of auxin down the shoot

Accepted Answer

Pinching back a houseplant stimulates the growth of lateral buds.

Question 4

Totipotency is a term used to describe a cell's ability to give rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that
A)plant development is not under genetic control.
B)the cells of shoots and the cells of roots have different genes.
C)cell differentiation depends largely on the control of gene expression.
D)a cell's environment has no effect on its differentiation.
E)sexual reproduction is not necessary in plants.

Accepted Answer

Totipotency in plants is the ability of any cell to differentiate into any other cell type, thus capable of regenerating a complete organism. This differentiation is largely controlled by the regulation of gene expression, allowing cells to specialize and perform specific functions. Therefore, choice C is the best answer. Choices A, B, D, and E are not related to the concept of totipotency in plants.

Question 5

What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?
A)closing of the stomata
B)lateral buds
C)apical dominance
D)absence of petioles
E)intercalary meristems

Accepted Answer

Apical dominance, where the main, central stem of the plant grows more vigorously than other side stems, is a strategy to increase a plant's exposure to light, especially in dense forests. This growth pattern allows the plant to grow taller and outcompete neighboring plants for sunlight.

Question 6

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?
A)primary xylem
B)secondary xylem
C)secondary phloem
D)mesophyll cells
E)vascular cambium

Accepted Answer

Secondary xylem, also known as wood, makes up most of the bulk of a tree's trunk and branches. Primary xylem is the initial layer of xylem that develops in a plant, while vascular cambium is responsible for producing both secondary xylem and secondary phloem. Mesophyll cells are found in leaves and are responsible for photosynthesis.

Question 7

Secondary growth is best described as
A)consisting mostly of mesophyll layers.
B)a growth in thickness caused by lateral meristems.
C)a growth in height caused by apical meristems.
D)structural, photosynthetic, protective.
E)dependent on water- and sugar-conducting cells.

Accepted Answer

Secondary growth is a growth in thickness and it is caused by the lateral meristems - vascular cambium and cork cambium.

Question 8

A mutation allows only A gene activity in a developing flower. Which flower part(s)will develop in this plant?
A)sepals
B)petals
C)stamens
D)carpels
E)both sepals and petals

Accepted Answer

The answer of A mutation allows only A gene activity...

Question 9

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as
A)dermal and ground tissue.
B)lateral tissues.
C)pith.
D)secondary tissues.
E)shoots and roots.

Accepted Answer

Cells produced by lateral meristems, such as the vascular cambium and cork cambium, are known as secondary tissues, which make up the majority of woody plants.

Question 10

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?
A)vascular cambium
B)apical meristem
C)endodermis
D)phloem
E)xylem

Accepted Answer

Secondary growth in roots involves the formation of a vascular cambium, which produces additional layers of xylem and phloem tissues. Therefore, additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from the vascular cambium.

Question 11

While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces coloured spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what can be inferred?
A)The differently coloured plants will attract different pollinating insects.
B)The RNA probe is transported only to certain tissues.
C)The coloured regions were caused by mutations that occurred in the sepals.
D)The RNA probe is specific to a gene active in sepals.
E)More research needs to be done on the sepals of Arabidopsis.

Accepted Answer

The fact that the RNA probe produces coloured spots specifically in the sepals suggests that it is specific to a gene that is active in those tissues. This indicates that the gene is expressed specifically in the sepals of the plant, and not other tissues.

Question 12

According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?
A)A genes only
B)B genes only
C)C genes only
D)A and B genes only
E)A and C genes only

Accepted Answer

A showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels would require the expression of only A and B genes, which regulate sepal and petal development but not stamen or carpel development. The absence of C genes, which are responsible for stamen and carpel development, would result in the lack of these reproductive organs in the flower.

Question 13

A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical dominance by auxin via which of the following?
A)pruning shoot tips
B)deep watering of the roots
C)fertilizing
D)treating the plants with auxins
E)feeding the plants nutrients

Accepted Answer

Pruning shoot tips removes the source of auxin production and thus reduces the inhibition of apical dominance.

Question 14

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
 
-Which function applies to the cells shown in the photograph in the figure above?
A)provide flexible support
B)contain secondary walls to provide rigid support
C)can store starch in stems and roots
D)function in water movement
E)can be used commercially for making rope

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the following figure to answer the...

Question 15

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the centre of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem)outward, you would cross, in order,
A)the annual rings, new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark.
B)the secondary xylem, cork cambium, phloem, and periderm.
C)the vascular cambium, oldest xylem, and newest xylem.
D)the secondary xylem, secondary phloem, and vascular cambium.
E)the summer wood, bark, and phloem.

Accepted Answer

The order from the center outward is annual rings (old xylem), new xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, and bark.

Question 16

Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must
A)differentiate into procambium.
B)undergo dedifferentiation.
C)increase the number of chromosomes in their nuclei.
D)enzymatically digest their primary cell walls.
E)establish a new polarity in their cytoplasm.

Accepted Answer

Before differentiation can begin, parenchyma cells must undergo dedifferentiation, or the process of reverting back to a less specialized state. This allows the cells to become totipotent and capable of differentiating into various cell types.

Question 17

Use the following figure to answer the questions below.
 
-Which of the following are true statements about the cells shown in the photograph in the figure above?
A)They are parenchyma cells.
B)They are photosynthetic.
C)They are usually found in roots.
D)They are phloem cells.
E)They are parenchyma cells and photosynthetic.

Accepted Answer

The cells shown in the photograph have large, thin cell walls, which are characteristic of parenchyma cells. They also contain chloroplasts, indicating that they are photosynthetic. Therefore, the best choice is E, which states that they are parenchyma cells and photosynthetic. Choices A, C, and D can be eliminated based on the fact that the cells are not specialized for support, not found in roots, and not phloem cells.

Question 18

The polarity of a plant is established when
A)the zygote divides.
B)cotyledons form at the shoot end of the embryo.
C)the shoot-root axis is established in the embryo.
D)the primary root breaks through the seed coat.
E)the shoot first breaks through the soil into the light as the seed germinates.

Accepted Answer

The polarity of a plant, which refers to the directional orientation of the shoot and root systems, is established early in development, specifically when the zygote, the fertilized egg cell, divides for the first time. This initial division sets the stage for the differentiation of the plant's tissues and organs along a specific axis.

Question 19

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?
A)secondary xylem
B)leaves
C)trichomes
D)tubers
E)cortex

Accepted Answer

Secondary xylem is produced by lateral meristem activity in woody plants, specifically by the vascular cambium. None of the other choices arise from lateral meristem activity. Leaves and trichomes are produced by apical meristems, tubers are modified stems or roots, and the cortex is a tissue that is present in both herbaceous and woody plants.

Question 20

Which of the following is a true statement?
A)Flowers may have secondary growth.
B)Secondary growth is a common feature of eudicot leaves.
C)Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium and the cork cambium.
D)Primary growth and secondary growth alternate in the life cycle of a plant.
E)Plants with secondary growth are typically the smallest ones in an ecosystem.

Accepted Answer

Secondary growth is produced by both the vascular cambium, which produces secondary xylem (wood) and secondary phloem, and the cork cambium, which produces the outer bark. The other statements are false. Flowers do not have secondary growth, eudicot leaves do not commonly exhibit secondary growth, and primary growth and secondary growth do not alternate in a plant's life cycle. Lastly, plants with secondary growth can vary in size and are not necessarily the smallest in an ecosystem.

Quiz 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Which of the following statements is false?

A plant has the following characteristics: a taproot system, several growth rings evident in a cross section of the stem, and a layer of bark around the outside. Which of the following best describes the plant?

What effect does "pinching back" have on a houseplant?

Totipotency is a term used to describe a cell's ability to give rise to a complete new organism. In plants, this means that

What would be a plant adaptation that increases exposure of a plant to light in a dense forest?

What tissue makes up most of the wood of a tree?

Secondary growth is best described as

A mutation allows only A gene activity in a developing flower. Which flower part(s) will develop in this plant?

Cells produced by lateral meristems are known as

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells?

While studying the plant Arabidopsis, a botanist finds that an RNA probe produces coloured spots in the sepals of the plant. From this information, what can be inferred?

According to the ABC model of floral development, which genes would be expressed in a showy ornamental flower with multiple sepals and petals but no stamens or carpels?

A person working with plants may reduce the inhibition of apical dominance by auxin via which of the following?

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which function applies to the cells shown in the photograph in the figure above?

If you were able to walk into an opening cut into the centre of a large redwood tree, when you exit from the middle of the trunk (stem) outward, you would cross, in order,

Before differentiation can begin during the processes of plant cell and tissue culture, parenchyma cells from the source tissue must

Use the following figure to answer the questions below. -Which of the following are true statements about the cells shown in the photograph in the figure above?

The polarity of a plant is established when

Which of the following cells or tissues arise from lateral meristem activity?

Which of the following is a true statement?