Question 1

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?
A)sclerenchyma cells
B)parenchyma cells
C)sieve-tube elements
D)root hairs
E)vessel elements

Accepted Answer

Root hairs are found in the epidermis of roots, primarily in the region of maturation near the root tip, not in the woody part of a root. The other options (sclerenchyma cells, parenchyma cells, sieve-tube elements, and vessel elements) are all components that can be found within the woody (vascular) tissues of roots.

Question 2

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below.
 
-In a woody eudicot, bark cannot be described as
A)consisting only of the protective outer covering.
B)consisting of all tissues external to the vascular cambium.
C)containing secondary phloem and periderm.
D)not including heartwood and sapwood.

Accepted Answer

Bark consists of all tissues external to the vascular cambium, which includes the protective outer covering, secondary phloem, and periderm. It may or may not include heartwood and sapwood, depending on the specific organism. Therefore, option A is incorrect.

Question 3

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the
A)core.
B)pericycle.
C)endodermis.
D)pith.
E)vascular cambium.

Accepted Answer

The innermost layer of the root cortex is called the endodermis. This layer is responsible for controlling the movement of water and minerals into the vascular tissue of the root. The pericycle is located just inside the endodermis, and is responsible for giving rise to lateral roots. The core and pith are located in the center of the root, and the vascular cambium is found in the stem, not the root.

Question 4

Heartwood and sapwood consist of
A)bark.
B)periderm.
C)secondary xylem.
D)secondary phloem.
E)cork.

Accepted Answer

Heartwood and sapwood are both components of secondary xylem, also known as wood. Bark, periderm, secondary phloem, and cork are all distinct structures from wood.

Question 5

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below.
 
-A plant that is at least three years old is represented by
A)I only.
B)II only.
C)III only.
D)IV only.
E)both I and III.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions are based on the...

Question 6

Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue(s)that George left functional was/were the
A)phloem.
B)xylem.
C)cork cambium.
D)cortex.
E)companion and sieve-tube members.

Accepted Answer

The xylem is responsible for transporting water and nutrients from the roots to the rest of the tree, and is critical for the tree's survival. By removing the bark, George likely damaged the phloem, which is responsible for transporting sugars from the leaves to the rest of the tree. However, the xylem would still have been functional initially, allowing the tree to continue to receive water and nutrients. Over time, however, the damage to the phloem would have caught up with the tree, ultimately causing its death.

Question 7

Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of a flower from the outermost whorl that had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls?
A)carpel-petal-petal-carpel
B)petal-petal-stamen-stamen
C)sepal-carpel-carpel-sepal
D)sepal-sepal-carpel-carpel
E)carpel-carpel-carpel-carpel

Accepted Answer

According to the ABC hypothesis, the expression of genes A, B, and C determines the identity of floral organs. Gene A determines sepal identity, gene B determines petal identity, gene C determines stamen identity, and when none of these genes are expressed, carpel identity is determined. If gene B is expressed in all four whorls, then the structure of the flower would be petal-petal-stamen-stamen starting from the outermost whorl. Therefore, option B is the best choice.

Question 8

The following questions refer to the description below.
You are taking a group of students on a nature walk around the university campus. Several students come up and show you oak leaves they collected from one tree. The students are confused as to why you they see such variation in leaf size if all the leaves came from one tree and are genetically identical.
-Using the example of the oak leaves, what is the best explanation for why a single genotype can produce different phenotypes?
A)The smaller leaves are not fully grown yet, and will keep growing until they reach their full size.
B)Shade leaves are large, providing a large surface area for absorption of light, whereas leaves that grow in the sun receive abundant light and have a smaller surface area to decrease water loss.
C)The oak tree consists of two genotypes; someone had grafted a branch from another oak tree.
D)Smaller leaves may have a mutation that inhibits growth and photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

Leaves growing in different light conditions will have different phenotypes to maximize their function in that environment.

Answer: C
 The presence of a grafted branch from another oak tree can introduce genetic variation, resulting in different phenotypes.

Question 9

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below.
 
-A monocot stem is represented by
A)I only.
B)II only.
C)III only.
D)IV only.
E)both I and III.

Accepted Answer

The stem in II shows scattered vascular bundles, which is a characteristic feature of monocot stems. The other options depict either dicot stems or roots.

Question 10

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?
A)secondary xylem
B)leaves
C)dermal tissue
D)tubers
E)secondary xylem, leaves, dermal tissue, and tubers

Accepted Answer

Meristematic activity refers to the division of cells in the apical meristems of plants, which gives rise to new tissues. Secondary xylem is produced by the vascular cambium, which is a lateral meristem. Leaves are produced by the shoot apical meristem. Dermal tissue is also produced by the apical meristem. Tubers are modified stems that are produced by a combination of apical and lateral meristematic activity. Therefore, all the tissues listed in the options arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity.

Question 11

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of
A)cell differentiation.
B)morphogenesis.
C)cell division.
D)cell elongation.
E)reproduction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most of the growth of a plant...

Question 12

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 metres tall. The nail is about 1.5 metres from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 metres. About how many metres above the ground is the nail?
A)0.5
B)1.5
C)3.0
D)15.0
E)28.5

Accepted Answer

Trees grow from their tips, not from the base. Therefore, the nail will remain at the same height above the ground, which is 1.5 metres.

Question 13

An organism inherits genetic information from its parents, but it is also influenced by its environment. The ability of plants to alter their form in response to local environmental conditions is referred to as
A)morphological differences.
B)genetic influences.
C)environmental pressures.
D)phenotypic or developmental plasticity.
E)adaptability.

Accepted Answer

Phenotypic or developmental plasticity refers to an organism's ability to alter its form in response to environmental cues. This can occur throughout an organism's lifetime and may result in differences in morphology, behavior, or physiology. This is particularly common in plants, which can change their growth patterns, leaf size, and other traits in response to factors such as light, water availability, and nutrient levels.

Question 14

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below.
 
-A woody eudicot is represented by
A)I only.
B)II only.
C)III only.
D)IV only.
E)both I and III.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions are based on the...

Question 15

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by
A)a change in the morphology of the leaves produced.
B)the initiation of secondary growth.
C)the formation of lateral roots.
D)a change in the orientation of preprophase bands and cytoplasmic microtubules in lateral meristems.
E)the activation of floral meristem identity genes.

Accepted Answer

The change from juvenile to mature vegetative phase is often characterized by changes in leaf morphology. Juvenile leaves are typically smaller and simpler in shape, while mature leaves are larger and more complex in shape. This change in leaf morphology is a result of changes in gene expression in the apical meristem.

Quiz 35: Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Which of the following would not be seen in a cross section through the woody part of a root?

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below. -In a woody eudicot, bark cannot be described as

The innermost layer of the root cortex is the

Heartwood and sapwood consist of

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below. -A plant that is at least three years old is represented by

Suppose George Washington completely removed the bark from around the base of a cherry tree but was stopped by his father before cutting the tree down. The leaves retained their normal appearance for several weeks, but the tree eventually died. The tissue(s) that George left functional was/were the

Based on the ABC hypothesis, what would be the structure of a flower from the outermost whorl that had normal expression of genes A and C and expression of gene B in all four whorls?

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below. -A monocot stem is represented by

Which of the following arise, directly or indirectly, from meristematic activity?

Most of the growth of a plant body is the result of

As a youngster, you drive a nail in the trunk of a young tree that is 3 metres tall. The nail is about 1.5 metres from the ground. Fifteen years later, you return and discover that the tree has grown to a height of 30 metres. About how many metres above the ground is the nail?

An organism inherits genetic information from its parents, but it is also influenced by its environment. The ability of plants to alter their form in response to local environmental conditions is referred to as

The following questions are based on the drawing of root or stem cross sections shown below. -A woody eudicot is represented by

The phase change of an apical meristem from the juvenile to the mature vegetative phase is often revealed by