Question 1

Pick one of the four types of triangulation. Explain its parts subtypes (if applicable), and describe how it could be used.

Accepted Answer

The four types of triangulation are data, investigator, theory, and methodological. Data triangulation has three subtypes: time, space, and person. Person analysis has three sublevels: aggregate, interactive, and collectivity. Investigator triangulation consists of using multiple rather than single observers of the same object. Investigator triangulation is used when multiple researchers collect data, either for interview or participant observation. Theory triangulation consists of using multiple rather than simple perspectives in relation to the same set of objects. Methodological triangulation can entail within-method triangulation and between-method triangulation. Triangulation increases the depth of understanding a single investigation can yield.

Question 2

A researcher uses empirical data collection techniques to provider reliable and verifiable data in large aggregates through statistical testing. What methodology is this researcher using?
A) Quantitative research
B) Triangulation
C) Chicago School symbolic interactionism
D) Iowa School symbolic interactionism

Accepted Answer

The researcher is using a quantitative research methodology, which involves collecting numerical data through empirical methods and analyzing it through statistical testing to produce reliable and verifiable results. Triangulation refers to the use of multiple methods to confirm findings, and Chicago/Iowa School symbolic interactionism are theoretical perspectives within sociology, not research methodologies.

Question 3

The goal of good research is to systematically discover answers to questions that a researcher has posed. How does qualitative research find answers to questions?

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research answers research questions by observing social settings and the groups or individuals who inhabit them to determine how people make sense of their surroundings using social roles, norms, rituals, and social structures. Researchers look for patterns, but do not reduce pattern to the average behavior at the risk of misrepresenting and oversimplifying a population. The researchers often immerse themselves in the community studied to participate, and share in the understandings/perceptions of others with the goal of seeing how people structure and give meanings to their lives.

Question 4

The goal of Berg's book is to ________.
A) provide basic training for new researchers
B) create a research "cookbook" for qualitative methods
C) deliver advanced concepts in quantitative research
D) teach readers how to take charge of a research project

Accepted Answer

The answer of The goal of Berg's book is to...

Question 5

The technique of using multiple lines of sight, or an array of symbols and theoretical content to create a better research result, or picture of reality, is called ________.
A) triangulation
B) ethnography
C) sociometry
D) quantitative

Accepted Answer

The technique described in the question is triangulation. Triangulation involves using multiple methods or sources of data to increase the validity and reliability of research findings. This can include using different data collection methods (such as surveys, interviews, and observations), different sources of data (such as individuals from different backgrounds), and different theoretical perspectives. Ethnography is a qualitative research method that involves detailed observation and analysis of a culture or community. Sociometry is a quantitative method of analyzing social relationships and networks. Quantitative research involves collecting and analyzing numerical data. None of these methods specifically involve the use of multiple lines of sight or an array of symbols and theoretical content as described in the question.

Question 6

The Chicago school of symbolic interaction proposes that people account for meaning in two ways. Meaning can be intrinsically attached to an object or event. Secondly, people can impose meaning on the object, event, or phenomenon. What is this second way of deriving meaning called?
A) Empathy
B) Psychical accretion
C) Definitions of a situation
D) Twenty-statement test

Accepted Answer

Psychical accretion refers to the process of imposing meaning on an object, event, or phenomenon, which is the second way of deriving meaning according to the Chicago school of symbolic interaction.

Question 7

Explain the basic elements of symbolic interaction.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain the basic elements of symbolic interaction....

Question 8

The researcher who coined the term symbolic interaction is _________.
A) Dewey
B) Coole
C) Blumer
D) Parks

Accepted Answer

The researcher who coined the term symbolic interaction is Herbert Blumer.

Question 9

The founder of the Iowa School of Symbolic Interactionism is _______.
A) Kuhn
B) Dewey
C) Mead
D) Blumer

Accepted Answer

Manford Kuhn is credited with founding the Iowa School of Symbolic Interactionism, which emphasizes empirical research and quantitative methods.

Question 10

A researcher uses idiographic method to understand the world with the two-part goal of exploring a specific situation or event, and inspecting the data collected to describe life and behavior. What methodology is this researcher using?
A) Quantitative research
B) Triangulation
C) Chicago School symbolic interactionism
D) Iowa School symbolic interactionism

Accepted Answer

The idiographic method focuses on understanding the complexity of particular instances, which aligns with the Chicago School's approach to symbolic interactionism. This school emphasizes qualitative research to understand how individuals create meanings and identities through interactions.

Question 11

Triangulation can be used to describe the use of multiple methods of data collection to measure a single subject. What is it called when multiple data-collection methods, multiple theories, multiple researchers, multiple methodologies, or a combination of these four categories are involved in research activities?
A) Multiple operationalism
B) Convergent validations
C) Lines of action
D) Triangles of error

Accepted Answer

The answer of Triangulation can be used to describe the...

Question 12

A researcher follows the principles of logical positivism, and seeks to create specific operational definitions of the concepts they test. The people and objects do not possess meaning independently, but it is rather conferred upon them. What methodology is this researcher using?
A) Quantitative research
B) Triangulation
C) Chicago School symbolic interactionism
D) Iowa School symbolic interactionism

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher follows the principles of logical...

Question 13

Compare and contrast the basic premises of the Chicago School of Symbolic Interactionism, and the Iowa School of Symbolic Interactionism.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the basic premises of...

Question 14

A researcher examines the naturally occurring language and meanings that people give to their life experiences with a focus on emotions, motivations, symbols, and empathy. What methodology is this researcher using?
A) Qualitative research
B) Triangulation
C) Chicago School symbolic interactionism
D) Iowa School symbolic interactionism

Accepted Answer

The methodology described is qualitative research, which involves analyzing the language and meanings that people give to their experiences in order to gain a deeper understanding of these experiences. This approach often involves techniques such as interviews, observations, and document analysis, and focuses on themes and patterns in the data rather than statistical analysis.

Question 15

The author viewed himself as a pioneer in the field of qualitative research because _______.
A) earlier books focused solely on qualitative methods
B) earlier books focused solely on quantitative methods
C) later books focused on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods
D) later books imitated his writing style

Accepted Answer

The author states that when he began writing in the 1970s, most books on research methods focused solely on quantitative methods, leaving qualitative methods largely unexplored. Therefore, the author viewed himself as a pioneer in the field of qualitative research.

Question 16

What type of concept does qualitative research measure?
A) Description
B) Measure
C) Extent
D) Distribution

Accepted Answer

Qualitative research generally focuses on describing and understanding social phenomena, rather than measuring them quantitatively.

Question 17

Name eight ways to collect qualitative data. Explain how the book will address each, and what dimension is important to consider for each type.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Name eight ways to collect qualitative data....

Question 18

The twenty-statement test is created to empirically measure the self-designation of an individual through defining categories of self-concepts. Breaking down a research concept into a definition and a way to measure it is referred to as ________.
A) anthropology
B) participant interviewing
C) operationalizing
D) participant observing

Accepted Answer

The process of breaking down a research concept into a definition and a way to measure it is referred to as operationalizing. Anthropology is the study of human cultures, societies, and evolution. Participant interviewing and observing are methods of data collection in research.

Question 19

When observing from three known points of view, the area where all three lines of sight intersect is called the ________.
A) multiple operationalism
B) convergent validation
C) line of action
D) triangle of error

Accepted Answer

The answer of When observing from three known points of...

Question 20

What type of concept does quantitative research measure?
A) Definition
B) Characteristic
C) Number
D) Essence

Accepted Answer

Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data, allowing for measurement of quantities or amounts of a certain concept.

Quiz 1: Introduction

Pick one of the four types of triangulation. Explain its parts subtypes (if applicable), and describe how it could be used.

A researcher uses empirical data collection techniques to provider reliable and verifiable data in large aggregates through statistical testing. What methodology is this researcher using?

The goal of good research is to systematically discover answers to questions that a researcher has posed. How does qualitative research find answers to questions?

The goal of Berg's book is to ________.

The technique of using multiple lines of sight, or an array of symbols and theoretical content to create a better research result, or picture of reality, is called ________.

The Chicago school of symbolic interaction proposes that people account for meaning in two ways. Meaning can be intrinsically attached to an object or event. Secondly, people can impose meaning on the object, event, or phenomenon. What is this second way of deriving meaning called?

Explain the basic elements of symbolic interaction.

The researcher who coined the term symbolic interaction is _________.

The founder of the Iowa School of Symbolic Interactionism is _______.

A researcher uses idiographic method to understand the world with the two-part goal of exploring a specific situation or event, and inspecting the data collected to describe life and behavior. What methodology is this researcher using?

A researcher follows the principles of logical positivism, and seeks to create specific operational definitions of the concepts they test. The people and objects do not possess meaning independently, but it is rather conferred upon them. What methodology is this researcher using?

Compare and contrast the basic premises of the Chicago School of Symbolic Interactionism, and the Iowa School of Symbolic Interactionism.

A researcher examines the naturally occurring language and meanings that people give to their life experiences with a focus on emotions, motivations, symbols, and empathy. What methodology is this researcher using?

The author viewed himself as a pioneer in the field of qualitative research because _______.

What type of concept does qualitative research measure?

Name eight ways to collect qualitative data. Explain how the book will address each, and what dimension is important to consider for each type.

The twenty-statement test is created to empirically measure the self-designation of an individual through defining categories of self-concepts. Breaking down a research concept into a definition and a way to measure it is referred to as ________.

When observing from three known points of view, the area where all three lines of sight intersect is called the ________.

What type of concept does quantitative research measure?