Question 1

Divergent thinking most specifically involves ____.​

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking refers to the ability to generate a variety of new ideas or solutions to a problem, and this process typically involves thinking of many different ideas quickly. Algorithms (A) refer to step-by-step procedures for solving problems, while mental sets (B) are fixed ways of approaching problems that may hinder creative thinking. While imagining something that most other people do not (D) may involve divergent thinking, it is not specific to this type of thinking and could also involve other cognitive processes.

Question 2

Well-structured problems can be solved through the use of ____.​

Accepted Answer

Well-structured problems can be solved through the use of heuristics or algorithms. Heuristics are strategies that simplify a problem but do not guarantee a perfect solution, while algorithms are step-by-step procedures that guarantee a correct solution. The choice of using heuristics or algorithms depends on the nature of the problem and the goals of the problem solver.

Question 3

With regard to how we acquire the concepts that help to organize our thinking,formal concepts are more likely ____,whereas natural concepts are more likely____.​

Accepted Answer

Formal concepts are typically learned through instruction, whereas natural concepts are often learned through personal experience and exposure to the world around us.

Question 4

Determining the number of miles per gallon you got on your last tank of gas by dividing the total mileage since your last fill-up by the number of gallons of gas purchased would be an example of using a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

Dividing the total mileage by the number of gallons is a step-by-step process that follows a set of rules, making it an example of using an algorithm.

Question 5

Divergent thinking is most closely associated with which of the following?​

Accepted Answer

Divergent thinking involves generating a variety of different ideas and possibilities, which is a key component of creativity. Deductive reasoning involves making logical deductions based on given premises, algorithms are step-by-step procedures for solving problems, and natural concepts refer to categories or concepts that exist in the natural world.

Question 6

Katherine is shopping for a wedding gown and is on a tight budget.She prints off a picture of her dream dress and has all her friends and family looking for a similar gown.Katherine is using the picture as a(n)____.

Accepted Answer

An exemplar is a specific example of a concept. In this case, the picture of the dream dress is an exemplar of the concept of a wedding gown.

Question 7

Which statement is TRUE with regard to problem solving?​

Accepted Answer

Ill-structured problems are those which do not have clear steps or algorithms to solve them. Guessing and trial and error are types of heuristics, but they may not always be the best approach. Culture can certainly influence problem solving approaches. Algorithm-based problem solving may be efficient for certain types of problems, but it is not always the best or only approach.

Question 8

What is the best example of a well-structured problem?​

Accepted Answer

Balancing your checkbook is a well-structured problem because it has a clear goal (ensuring the account is accurately balanced), a defined set of inputs (bank statements and personal records), and a set of established rules and procedures to follow.

Question 9

Cooking without using strict measurements,but relying upon past experience and cooking wisdom to determine the correct proportions of ingredients,is an example of using a(n)____

Accepted Answer

Cooking without using strict measurements and relying on past experience and cooking wisdom is an example of using a heuristic. A heuristic is a mental shortcut or strategy that solves a problem quickly and efficiently without necessarily being perfect or accurate. In cooking, relying on past experience to determine the correct proportions of ingredients is a heuristic that allows for more flexibility and creativity in the kitchen.

Question 10

Which statement is TRUE of insight?​

Accepted Answer

Insight refers to sudden realizations or understanding of a problem or situation that had previously been unclear or confusing. It often occurs after a period of intense thinking or contemplation, and is sometimes referred to as an "Aha!" experience. It may require some level of knowledge or training, but not necessarily formal or structured learning. Insight can lead to correct or incorrect solutions, depending on the circumstances.

Question 11

Which item belongs to the superordinate category?​

Accepted Answer

"Animal" is the superordinate category, as both dog and camel are types of animals, and spaniel is a type of dog. The superordinate category is the broader, more general category that encompasses the other items.

Question 12

Insight usually ____.​

Accepted Answer

Insight typically requires deep thought, focus, and prior knowledge. It is not usually a spontaneous or effortless process. Option A is incorrect because insight often requires effort, particularly in complex problem solving. Option B is incorrect because insight typically leads to correct solutions. Option D is incorrect because insight is not based on following algorithms or rules.

Question 13

In determining the perfect suit to wear to a job interview,you will likely use a(n)____.​

Accepted Answer

A heuristic is a mental shortcut or rule of thumb that helps a person make a decision. In this case, choosing the perfect suit to wear to a job interview requires considering several factors such as the company's dress code, the industry's clothing standards, and the job position being interviewed for. Using a heuristic helps simplify the process and make a quick decision based on past experiences or common knowledge.

Question 14

Many students are surprised to learn that the idea they had of a tomato being a vegetable is different from what they learn to be the true botanical definition of a tomato as actually a fruit.The students' prior idea that they learned outside of the classroom would be a good example of a(n)____.​

Accepted Answer

The students' prior idea of a tomato being a vegetable is an example of a natural concept, which is a category based on everyday experience and perceptions. The botanical definition of a tomato as a fruit is a formal concept, which is a category based on a specific set of criteria or rules. The other answer choices are not applicable in this scenario.

Question 15

Jason is playing a computer game and just cannot seem to solve a particular problem.He gets frustrated,so he just keeps guessing over and over and over.Jason is using a(n)____.​

Accepted Answer

Jason is using a heuristic, which is a problem-solving strategy that involves making educated guesses and using trial and error to find a solution, rather than a systematic or algorithmic approach.

Question 16

Algorithms can thought of as "____" as heuristics can be thought of as "____".​

Accepted Answer

Algorithms are systematic, step-by-step procedures that guarantee a correct solution if followed correctly, while heuristics are general strategies or rules of thumb that may not always lead to a correct solution but can be useful for problem-solving.

Question 17

What is most likely to interfere with creativity?​

Accepted Answer

Functional fixedness refers to a tendency to see objects only in their familiar roles and functions, inhibiting people to see them in creative ways. This can be a significant impediment to creativity, as people tend to stick with conventional uses and solutions, rather than exploring novel and imaginative ideas. Natural concepts, divergent thinking, and inductive reasoning, on the other hand, can often facilitate creative thinking, by providing a basis for generating new and original ideas.

Question 18

Well-structured problems are to ____ as ill-structured problems are to ____.​

Accepted Answer

Well-structured problems have clear solutions that can be reached through a set of defined steps or algorithms. Ill-structured problems, on the other hand, have unclear solutions as there are no set steps or procedures to follow in order to reach a solution.

Question 19

If a problem has a clear pathway to a solution,then it is considered a(n)____.​

Accepted Answer

If a problem has a clear pathway to a solution, it is considered a well-structured problem.

Question 20

After struggling with and thinking for several days about the approach you should take in your research paper,you suddenly determine a successful approach.This is most correctly called ____.​

Accepted Answer

Insight refers to a sudden realization or understanding of a problem or situation. In this scenario, the individual suddenly determines a successful approach after struggling for several days, indicating an insight-based solution rather than a planned approach (algorithm) or a creative solution. A heuristic is a problem-solving approach that uses practical methods, while creativity involves generating new and innovative ideas.

Quiz 8: Cognition, language, and Intelligence

Divergent thinking most specifically involves ____.

Well-structured problems can be solved through the use of ____.

With regard to how we acquire the concepts that help to organize our thinking,formal concepts are more likely ,whereas natural concepts are more likely.

Determining the number of miles per gallon you got on your last tank of gas by dividing the total mileage since your last fill-up by the number of gallons of gas purchased would be an example of using a(n) ____.

Divergent thinking is most closely associated with which of the following?

Katherine is shopping for a wedding gown and is on a tight budget.She prints off a picture of her dream dress and has all her friends and family looking for a similar gown.Katherine is using the picture as a(n) ____.

Which statement is TRUE with regard to problem solving?

What is the best example of a well-structured problem?

Cooking without using strict measurements,but relying upon past experience and cooking wisdom to determine the correct proportions of ingredients,is an example of using a(n) ____

Which statement is TRUE of insight?

Which item belongs to the superordinate category?

Insight usually ____.

In determining the perfect suit to wear to a job interview,you will likely use a(n) ____.

Many students are surprised to learn that the idea they had of a tomato being a vegetable is different from what they learn to be the true botanical definition of a tomato as actually a fruit.The students' prior idea that they learned outside of the classroom would be a good example of a(n) ____.

Jason is playing a computer game and just cannot seem to solve a particular problem.He gets frustrated,so he just keeps guessing over and over and over.Jason is using a(n) ____.

Algorithms can thought of as "" as heuristics can be thought of as "".

What is most likely to interfere with creativity?

Well-structured problems are to as ill-structured problems are to .

If a problem has a clear pathway to a solution,then it is considered a(n) ____.

After struggling with and thinking for several days about the approach you should take in your research paper,you suddenly determine a successful approach.This is most correctly called ____.