Question 1

Type I error occurs when the sample results lead to the rejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact true.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of a Type I error.

Question 2

The null hypothesis refers to a specified value of the population parameter, not a sample
statistic.

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis is a statement about the population parameter, not the sample statistic. It is used in hypothesis testing to determine the probability of getting a certain result if the null hypothesis is true.

Question 3

A test of the null hypothesis where the alternative hypothesis is not expressed directionally is called a one-tailed test.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A test of the null hypothesis where...

Question 4

Standard deviation is the square root of the variance and is expressed in the same units as the data.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The standard deviation is the square root of the variance, and both are expressed in the same units as the data.

Question 5

Cross-tabulation examines associations between variables, not causation.

Accepted Answer

Cross-tabulation only shows the relationship between two variables and cannot prove cause and effect.

Question 6

Type II error occurs when the sample results lead to nonrejection of a null hypothesis that is in fact false.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct definition of a Type II error.

Question 7

Cross-tabulation with two variables is known as twice-tabulation.

Accepted Answer

Cross-tabulation with two variables is known as bivariate analysis.

Question 8

According to the text, the range measures the spread of the data.

Accepted Answer

The range is a measure of dispersion that quantifies the distance between the smallest and largest values in a dataset. Therefore, it is a measure of spread that indicates the variability of data.

Question 9

According to the text, accepting the alternative hypothesis will lead to changes in opinions or actions.

Accepted Answer

Accepting the alternative hypothesis means rejecting the null hypothesis, which in turn means that the evidence supports the argument presented in the alternative hypothesis. This can lead to changes in opinions or actions, as the alternative hypothesis may propose a new idea or approach that was previously not considered.

Question 10

In commercial marketing research, the one-tailed test is used more often than a two-tailed test.

Accepted Answer

The one-tailed test is often used in commercial marketing research because researchers usually have a predetermined direction or hypothesis about the outcome of the study. This allows for a more focused analysis and interpretation of the results. However, the use of a one-tailed or two-tailed test ultimately depends on the research question, data, and desired level of statistical significance.

Question 11

A statement that some difference or effect is expected is called a null hypothesis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A statement that some difference or effect...

Question 12

The test of the null hypothesis is a two-tailed test if the alternative hypothesis is expressed directionally.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The test of the null hypothesis is...

Question 13

The null hypothesis, H₀, when using the chi-square statistic, is that there is no association between the variables.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The null hypothesis for a chi-square test of independence is that there is no association between two variables.

Question 14

A hypothesis test using the standard normal distribution is called the F-test.

Accepted Answer

The F-test is used for hypothesis testing in ANOVA (analysis of variance) and is not related to the standard normal distribution, which is used for hypothesis testing involving a single mean or proportion.

Question 15

The mean squared deviation of all the values from the mean is called the variance.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The variance is the average of the squared deviations from the mean.

Question 16

The two-tailed test is more conservative than the one-tailed test. If a hypothesis is rejected using a two-tailed test, it will also be rejected using a one-tailed test.

Accepted Answer

This is because a two-tailed test considers both directions of the alternative hypothesis, while a one-tailed test only considers one direction. Therefore, the rejection region is larger in a two-tailed test, making it more conservative. If a hypothesis is rejected using a two-tailed test, it means that the test has already accounted for the possibility of the effect being in either direction, so it will also be rejected using a one-tailed test.

Question 17

The null hypothesis is always the hypothesis that is tested, but can never be accepted based on a single test.

Accepted Answer

The null hypothesis is the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between two variables or populations. It is always tested and either rejected or not rejected based on the results of a statistical test. However, it can never be fully accepted based on a single test because there could always be a chance of Type 1 error (rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true) or Type 2 error (failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is actually false). Therefore, the null hypothesis is only accepted as the best explanation when it has been tested repeatedly and consistently over time.

Question 18

An alternative hypothesis is a statement of the status quo, one of no difference or no effect.

Accepted Answer

An alternative hypothesis is a statement that there is a difference or an effect, while the null hypothesis is the statement of the status quo.

Question 19

The power of a test is the probability of accepting the null hypothesis when it is in fact true and should be accepted.

Accepted Answer

The power of a test is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is in fact false and should be rejected.

Question 20

A measure of how close the sample has come to the null hypothesis is called the test statistic.

Accepted Answer

This statement is true. The test statistic is a numerical value that measures how much the sample data deviates from the null hypothesis. The larger the test statistic, the more evidence there is against the null hypothesis.

Quiz 11: Data Analysis: Frequency Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Cross-Tabulation