Question 1

The most common measures of variability are the ________ and ________.
A)median; range
B)variance; mean
C)mean; median
D)range; variance
E)difference; trend line

Accepted Answer

The most common measures of variability are the range and variance. The range represents the difference between the highest and lowest values in a dataset, while the variance measures how spread out the data is from the mean. These are both important measures of variability and are commonly used in statistical analysis. The other choices, such as median and mean, are measures of central tendency rather than variability.

Question 2

If the distribution is asymmetric, which measure of location is most appropriate if the data is in a nominal scale? If it is in an ordinal scale? If it is in an interval or ratio scale?
A)mode, mode, median
B)median, median, median
C)median, mean, mode
D)mean, mode, median
E)mode, median, mean

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the distribution is asymmetric, which measure...

Question 3

A measure of central tendency given as the value above which half of the values fall and below which half of the values fall is called the ________.
A)mean
B)mode
C)median
D)maxima
E)binary inflection

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the question is that of the median, which is calculated by arranging the values in order and identifying the middle value (or average of the two middle values if there is an even number of values). The mean is the average of all the values, the mode is the value that appears most frequently, and the maxima refers to the highest value in the dataset. "Binary inflection" is not a commonly used statistical term.

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a statistic that is associated with the measures of location of frequency distribution?
A)mean
B)mode
C)median
D)maxima
E)All are associated with measures of location.

Accepted Answer

Maxima is not a measure of location, it is a measure of spread or variation in a dataset. The other options (mean, mode, median) are all measures of location that provide information about where the center of the dataset is.

Question 5

The ________ of a sample is the middle value when the data are arranged in ascending or descending rank order.
A)median
B)mean
C)mode
D)maxima
E)trend

Accepted Answer

The definition provided matches the concept of median.

Question 6

The ________ is a good measure of location when the variable is inherently categorical or has otherwise been grouped into categories.
A)mean
B)median
C)maxima
D)mode
E)categorical listing

Accepted Answer

The mode is the best choice when the variable is inherently categorical or has been grouped into categories because it represents the most common value or category. The mean and median are better suited for continuous numerical data, while maxima and categorical listing are not measures of location.

Question 7

The chi-square statistic can be estimated on counts of data or on percentages.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The chi-square statistic can be estimated on...

Question 8

The ________ should be used as a measure of location if the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale.
A)mean
B)mode
C)median
D)maxima
E)ranking order

Accepted Answer

If the distribution is asymmetric, the mean can be misleading and the mode may not be representative. The median, however, is resistant to extreme values and is a measure of central location that can be used with ordinal data. The maxima and ranking order are not measures of central location.

Question 9

A frequency distribution ________.
A)helps identify the presence of outliers
B)indicates the shape of the empirical distribution of the variable
C)contains the same information as the margins of a contingency table
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution includes information on the number of times each value appears in a data set, which helps identify the presence of outliers. It also shows the shape of the empirical distribution of the variable, indicating whether it is symmetrical or skewed. Finally, a frequency distribution can be used to calculate the marginal frequencies of a contingency table, which are the sums of the row and column frequencies. Therefore, all of the above statements are true, making D the correct answer.

Question 10

According to the text, which of the following represents the highest peak of the distribution?
A)mode
B)mean
C)median
D)maxima
E)crest

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the text, which of the...

Question 11

When using the chi-square statistic in cross-tabulation, the null hypothesis (H₀)will be rejected only when the probability of obtaining a more extreme value is less than 0.05.

Accepted Answer

This is a commonly used level of significance, also known as alpha, for rejecting the null hypothesis in hypothesis testing. It means that there is a 5% chance of obtaining a result as extreme or more extreme than the observed result, assuming that the null hypothesis is true. If the probability is less than 0.05, then the result is considered statistically significant and the null hypothesis is rejected in favor of the alternative hypothesis.

Question 12

Which of the following is used to estimate the average when the data have been collected using an interval or ratio scale?
A)mode
B)median
C)mean
D)maxima
E)trend

Accepted Answer

The mean is the best choice when data is collected using an interval or ratio scale. It takes into account every value in the data set and provides the most accurate estimate of the average. The mode is not useful for interval or ratio data as it only indicates the most frequently occurring value. The median is also not as accurate as the mean in this case as it only considers the middle value and not the entire data set. Maxima is not a measure of central tendency but rather refers to the highest value in the data set. Trend is not a measure of central tendency but rather refers to the overall direction or pattern of the data.

Question 13

Data collected in social media often lend themselves to basic analysis involving frequencies, percentages and cross-tabulations.

Accepted Answer

Data collected in social media can indeed be analyzed using frequencies, percentages, and cross-tabulations. These methods can provide valuable insights into user behavior, sentiment, and preferences.

Question 14

A mathematical distribution whose objective is to obtain a count of the number of responses associated with different values of one variable and to express these counts in percentage terms is called ________.
A)sampling distribution
B)random distribution
C)frequency distribution
D)systematic distribution
E)chi-square distribution

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution is used to count the number of responses associated with different values of a variable and express them as percentages. A sampling distribution refers to the distribution of sample statistics, not counts. Random distribution and systematic distribution are not commonly used terms in statistics. The chi-square distribution is primarily used for hypothesis testing involving categorical data.

Question 15

A statistic that indicates the distribution's dispersion is called ________.
A)measures of location
B)measures of variability
C)measures of association
D)measures of relativity
E)measures of difference

Accepted Answer

Measures of variability, also known as measures of spread or dispersion, are statistics that indicate how much variability or spread there is in a dataset. This includes measures such as range, standard deviation, and variance. Measures of location (A) indicate where the middle or center of the distribution lies, while measures of association (C) indicate the strength or direction of the relationship between two variables. Measures of relativity (D) and measures of difference (E) are not commonly used statistical terms.

Question 16

According to the text, the ________ is a statistic that describes a location within a data set.
A)measures of location
B)measures of variability
C)measures of association
D)measures of relativity
E)measures of position

Accepted Answer

The measures of location, such as mean, median, and mode, describe a specific point within a data set. Measures of variability describe the spread of the data, measures of association describe the relationship between variables, measures of relativity is not a commonly used term in statistics, and measures of position may refer to the rank or percentile of a data point.

Question 17

If the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on a nominal scale, the ________ should be used as a measure of location.
A)mean
B)mode
C)median
D)maxima
E)trend

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the distribution is asymmetric and the...

Question 18

A measure of central tendency given as the value that occurs the most in a sample distribution is called the ________.
A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)maxima
E)trend

Accepted Answer

The mode is the value that occurs most frequently in a sample, making it the best measure of central tendency when dealing with categorical data or when looking for the most common response.

Question 19

A frequency distribution for a variable produces ________.
A)a table of frequency counts
B)percentages
C)cumulative percentages
D)all of the above
E)none of the above

Accepted Answer

A frequency distribution produces a table of frequency counts, percentages, and cumulative percentages, so the correct answer is D, all of the above.

Question 20

The ________ is that value obtained by summing the values of all elements in a set and dividing by the number of elements.
A)mean
B)mode
C)median
D)maxima
E)aggregate

Accepted Answer

The definition given here is of the mean, also known as the average.

Quiz 11: Data Analysis: Frequency Distribution, Hypothesis Testing, and Cross-Tabulation

The most common measures of variability are the and .

If the distribution is asymmetric, which measure of location is most appropriate if the data is in a nominal scale? If it is in an ordinal scale? If it is in an interval or ratio scale?

A measure of central tendency given as the value above which half of the values fall and below which half of the values fall is called the ________.

Which of the following is NOT a statistic that is associated with the measures of location of frequency distribution?

The ________ of a sample is the middle value when the data are arranged in ascending or descending rank order.

The ________ is a good measure of location when the variable is inherently categorical or has otherwise been grouped into categories.

The chi-square statistic can be estimated on counts of data or on percentages.

The ________ should be used as a measure of location if the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on an ordinal scale.

A frequency distribution ________.

According to the text, which of the following represents the highest peak of the distribution?

When using the chi-square statistic in cross-tabulation, the null hypothesis (H₀)will be rejected only when the probability of obtaining a more extreme value is less than 0.05.

Which of the following is used to estimate the average when the data have been collected using an interval or ratio scale?

Data collected in social media often lend themselves to basic analysis involving frequencies, percentages and cross-tabulations.

A mathematical distribution whose objective is to obtain a count of the number of responses associated with different values of one variable and to express these counts in percentage terms is called ________.

A statistic that indicates the distribution's dispersion is called ________.

According to the text, the ________ is a statistic that describes a location within a data set.

If the distribution is asymmetric and the variable is measured on a nominal scale, the ________ should be used as a measure of location.

A measure of central tendency given as the value that occurs the most in a sample distribution is called the ________.

A frequency distribution for a variable produces ________.

The ________ is that value obtained by summing the values of all elements in a set and dividing by the number of elements.