Question 1

People are most likely to offer assistance when

Accepted Answer

This is known as the "bystander effect," in which people are more likely to offer assistance when they see others doing the same. This is because it signals that helping is the norm and reduces the fear of being singled out or embarrassed. Living in a large city or being in a crowded area with many witnesses may actually decrease the likelihood of offering help, as people may assume that someone else will take care of the situation. Running late may also decrease the likelihood of offering help due to time pressures and priorities.

Question 2

Belle is deliriously happy because she has recently fallen in love with Sean.Which of the following behaviors should we most likely expect from Belle?

Accepted Answer

Research suggests that love can increase prosocial behaviors, such as helping and volunteering, towards not just the loved one but also towards others. Therefore, we can expect Belle to display more helpful behaviors towards others.

Question 3

Susan asks Robert to drive her from Los Angeles,California,to Albany,New York.When Robert says "no," Susan asks if he can drive her to the local airport instead.Susan is using

Accepted Answer

Susan is using the door-in-the-face technique, which involves making a large request (driving across the country) that is likely to be refused, in order to then ask for a smaller request (driving to the airport), which is more likely to be accepted.

Question 4

According to Latané and Darley (1968)what must happen first for you to offer assistance in an emergency?

Accepted Answer

The first step in Latané and Darley's model of helping behavior is noticing the incident. If you do not notice the incident, you cannot proceed to the subsequent steps of interpreting it as an emergency, taking responsibility, and deciding to help.

Question 5

The bystander effect predicts that

Accepted Answer

The bystander effect predicts that people are less likely to help in groups than when they are alone due to diffusion of responsibility and social influence. This is because individuals in a group may feel that someone else will take responsibility for helping, leading to inaction.

Question 6

Fifty year-old Patty is in a car accident with her sister,nephew,and son.She has time to save herself and one other person.According to evolutionary psychology,who will Patty likely help?

Accepted Answer

According to evolutionary psychology, individuals are more likely to help their own genetic relatives, as they share a higher proportion of genes. Therefore, given that Patty's son is closer genetically than her sister or nephew, she is most likely to save herself and her son.

Question 7

The perception of certain others as outside one's boundary within which one applies moral values and rules of fairness is called

Accepted Answer

Moral exclusion refers to the process of excluding certain individuals or groups from moral values and rules of fairness. This process often involves perceiving them as outside one's moral boundary, leading to discrimination and mistreatment. The other options provided refer to different concepts: the door-in-the-face technique is a persuasion technique, the outgroup bias refers to the tendency to favor one's ingroup over an outgroup, and outgroup homogeneity is the perception that members of an outgroup are similar to each other while members of one's own group are diverse.

Question 8

People often feel more altruistic when they have helped without receiving payment or implied social pressure than when offered a reward for doing so.This is best explained by

Accepted Answer

The overjustification effect refers to the phenomenon where offering extrinsic rewards for an already internally enjoyable task can decrease the intrinsic motivation to perform that task. Thus, when people are offered a reward for helping others, they may begin to view the task as an obligation in order to receive the reward, rather than doing it out of the goodness of their own heart. This can lead to a decrease in altruistic behavior compared to when there is no reward offered.

Question 9

When Darley and Batson (1973)staged an ambiguous emergency (a man slumped in a doorway)in front of seminary students they found that

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Darley and Batson (1973)staged an ambiguous...

Question 10

Why does personal treatment increase helping in bystanders?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why does personal treatment increase helping in...

Question 11

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Situation is not the only determinant of whether people help or not. Individual factors such as personality traits, values, and beliefs also play a role in determining helping behavior.

Question 12

You ate the last of your roommate's cereal.When she asks "did you finish the cereal or did I?" you lie and say you didn't eat it.When she then asks you to stop by the store to pick up some more you agree.Your behavior is best explained by

Accepted Answer

The answer of You ate the last of your roommate's...

Question 13

Jeanne and her friends from church have adopted several shut-ins (church members who are no longer able to attend services).Their actions may be based on the ____ norm.

Accepted Answer

The social responsibility norm refers to the expectation that individuals and groups have a responsibility to help others in need, especially those who are less fortunate or vulnerable. Jeanne and her friends from church are demonstrating this norm by adopting several shut-ins as a way to help them and show compassion. Reciprocity refers to the expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefits received, equity refers to the expectation of fairness in the distribution of resources and rewards, and equality refers to the expectation that people should be treated the same regardless of differences. While these other norms may also play a role in social interactions, they are not as relevant to the specific situation described in the question.

Question 14

While walking down the street Tim sees a man slumped over grabbing his chest.Tim looks around at the other pedestrians who don't seem concerned.He assumes that,if they aren't worried,then everything is OK and keeps walking.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

This is an example of pluralistic ignorance, which occurs when people assume that if others are not reacting, then the situation must not be an emergency. This can lead to a lack of action and assistance, even when it is needed.

Question 15

Jack helps Jill go up a hill to fetch a pail of water.According to the reciprocity norm,what behaviors should we expect from Jill?

Accepted Answer

The reciprocity norm suggests that when someone does something nice for us, we feel a social obligation to do something nice in return. Therefore, we can expect Jill to help Jack in return for his assistance in helping her fetch the pail of water. Choice B, C, and D are incorrect as they suggest conditional circumstances for Jill to help Jack, which are not in line with the reciprocity norm.

Question 16

Which of the following is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

Women are generally more likely to offer help to other women due to social and cultural norms that encourage supportive behavior among women.

Question 17

When Will sees other people crying he cries too and when he sees someone who is embarrassed,he feels embarrassed.Will would likely score receive a high score on a measure of

Accepted Answer

Will's behavior suggests that he is able to feel and understand the emotions of others, which is a characteristic of empathy. This distinguishes empathy from sympathy, which is simply feeling sorry for someone without necessarily feeling the same emotions as them. Altruism and guilt may be related to empathy, but the information provided does not directly support those concepts.

Question 18

According to evolutionary psychology

Accepted Answer

Evolutionary psychology suggests that altruism in human society is often based on the kin selection process (helping family members who share similar genetic makeup) or reciprocity (expecting help in return). While there may be some instances where personal sacrifice is necessary for the group's survival, this is not the main driving force behind altruism according to evolutionary psychology. Additionally, while genetics certainly plays a role in behavior, evolutionary psychology also recognizes that the social and environmental context can influence behavior.

Question 19

Ben is highly disturbed by the screaming he hears from the street below his apartment.To help reduce his distress he goes to see if someone needs help.Ben's behavior seems to be motivated by

Accepted Answer

The answer of Ben is highly disturbed by the screaming...

Question 20

You are most likely to receive help when there are _____ witnesses to your plight.

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that bystanders are more likely to help when there are only a few people around. With a larger group, individuals may assume that someone else will take action, leading to diffusion of responsibility. Therefore, having just two witnesses increases the likelihood of receiving help.

Quiz 12: Helping