In many developing countries, even in countries with a greater access to hard currency (primarily due to the export of natural reserves), governments actually mandate countertrade as a form of payment for firms purchasing imported goods.

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Governments use countertrade as a way of improving trade deficits and supporting developing industries. Even in countries with a greater access to hard currency, governments do not wish to remain dependent on one or two industries (e.g., petrol and diamonds) and continue to mandate countertrade arrangements.

In Many Developing Countries, Even in Countries with a Greater