Question 1

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi, individuals who are impulsive, insensitive, physical, risk takers, short sighted, and nonverbal are said to have:

Accepted Answer

According to Gottfredson and Hirschi's theory of Self-Control, individuals who exhibit impulsive, insensitive, physical, risk-taking, short-sighted, and nonverbal behaviors are said to have low self-control. This lack of self-control leads to engagement in criminal activities and deviant behavior.

Question 2

The Gluecks' research concluded that the adolescent raised in a large, single parent family of limited economic means and educational achievement was the most vulnerable to delinquency.

Accepted Answer

The statement correctly summarizes the conclusion of the Gluecks' research.

Question 3

In Laub and Sampson's follow up of the Glueck study, when participants in their 60s and 70s were asked what the most important element for going straight was, they replied:

Accepted Answer

In the follow up study, participants identified the "knifing off" of individuals from their immediate environment as the most important element for going straight. This refers to distancing themselves from criminal peers and associates. This finding supports the importance of social bonds in preventing criminal behavior. Options A, C, and D are not supported by the study or are irrelevant to the question.

Question 4

Being _________________ is not a sign that a person has low self-control.

Accepted Answer

The word "diligent" means hard-working and persistent, which are qualities that require self-discipline and self-control. Therefore, being diligent is not a sign of low self-control.

Question 5

____________________ contends that one's propensity for crime remains stable throughout the life course, but the opportunities for crime fluctuate over time.

Accepted Answer

The latent trait view posits that individuals have a propensity for criminal behavior that remains stable over time, regardless of changes in life circumstances. However, the opportunities for crime may fluctuate over the life course, affecting whether or not an individual engages in criminal behavior at any given time.

Question 6

An adolescent-limited offender is one of the small group of offenders whose delinquent career continues well into adulthood.

Accepted Answer

An adolescent-limited offender is a type of offender whose delinquent behavior is limited to their adolescent years and does not continue into adulthood.

Question 7

The __________________ is a developmental theory that modifies social control theory by integrating concepts from biosocial, psychological, routine activities, and rational choice theories.

Accepted Answer

The General Theory of Crime is a developmental theory that combines key concepts from various other criminological theories, including social control theory, biosocial theory, psychological theory, routine activities theory, and rational choice theory. It posits that low self-control is the main cause of criminal behavior and that this trait is shaped primarily by ineffective child-rearing practices.

Question 8

Policy-based initiatives based on premises of ___________________ theory typically feature multisystematic treatment efforts designed to provide at-risk kids with personal, social, education, and family services.

Accepted Answer

Developmental theory emphasizes the role of environmental factors, such as family and community, in shaping an individual's behavior and development. Therefore, policy-based initiatives based on this theory would involve addressing multiple systems in a child's life to provide comprehensive support and intervention. Services would not only target the child, but also their family and community, in order to promote positive development and prevent future risk behaviors.

Question 9

The latent trait theory is a developmental theory that focuses on changes in behavior as people travel along the path of life and how these changes affect crime and delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Latent trait theory, also known as trait theory, suggests that individuals have a stable characteristic or trait that influences their propensity to commit crimes, rather than focusing on changes in behavior over the life course.

Question 10

Latent trait theories assume a physical or psychological trait makes some people delinquency-prone.

Accepted Answer

Latent trait theories propose that certain physical or psychological traits make some individuals more likely to engage in delinquent behavior.

Question 11

Burt and her associates found that kids whose parents improved their parenting skills over time experienced an increase in self-control and a subsequent:

Accepted Answer

The passage states that children whose parents improve their parenting skills experience an increase in self-control. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the level of their delinquent activities. Therefore, the correct answer is B.

Question 12

Which of the following behaviors would a person with low self-control not be likely to exhibit?

Accepted Answer

Low self-control is characterized by a lack of impulse control, difficulty delaying gratification, and a tendency towards risky and impulsive behaviors. Someone with low self-control may engage in behaviors like drinking alcohol, watching television all day, or skipping school, but they would be less likely to exhibit behaviors that require discipline and self-regulation, such as volunteering in a nursing home.

Question 13

The life course perspective contends that disruptions in life's major transitions can be destructive and ultimately can promote criminality.

Accepted Answer

The life course perspective emphasizes how life events and experiences, especially during major transitions such as adolescence, adult independence, and parenthood, can shape an individual's path and lead to criminal behavior if those transitions are disrupted or unsuccessful.

Question 14

Loeber's research indicates that people follow one pathway to crime.

Accepted Answer

Loeber's research actually indicates that there are multiple pathways to crime, and that individuals may follow different pathways depending on their personal and environmental factors.

Question 15

The authority conflict pathway, identified by Loeber and his associates, begins at an early age with stubborn behavior; it leads to defiance and then to authority avoidance.

Accepted Answer

This is the correct description of the authority conflict pathway identified by Loeber and his associates.

Question 16

Problem behavior syndrome advocates believe that delinquency is but one of several social problems experienced by at risk youths.

Accepted Answer

Problem behavior syndrome advocates argue that delinquency is just one of several interconnected issues that at-risk youth may experience, including substance abuse, school failure, and mental health problems.

Question 17

A life course persister is an offender who follows the most common delinquent trajectory, in which antisocial behavior peaks in adolescence and then diminishes.

Accepted Answer

A life course persister is an offender whose antisocial behavior continues into adulthood, unlike the more common pattern where delinquent behavior peaks in adolescence and then diminishes.

Question 18

Pseudomaturity is characteristic of life course persisters who tend to engage in early sexuality and drug use.

Accepted Answer

Pseudomaturity refers to a false sense of maturity or adult-like behavior exhibited by individuals who engage in risky behaviors like early sexual activity and drug use. Life course persisters are individuals who continue to engage in these behaviors throughout their lives.

Question 19

The Boys and Girls Clubs include a school component called SMART, which is designed to:

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Boys and Girls Clubs include a...

Question 20

A person with high self control is not likely to:

Accepted Answer

A person with high self control is less likely to engage in risky behaviors such as using inhalants and smoking pot. The other options are not necessarily related to self control and can be pursued by individuals with different levels of self control.

Quiz 5: Developmental Views of Delinquency: Life Course and Latent Trait